True Healing with Robert Morse ND

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:03:43 - Mycobacterium Kansasii in Lungs - Underweight - Undernourished 00:27:04 - Beet-Juice Cleanse 00:34:48 - IBS - Pain - Menstruation 00:44:57 - Vision - Vestibular Migraine - Light Sensitivity 00:56:02 - Congenital Hypothyroidism 01:04:40 - Eye Pictures 00:03:43 - Mycobacterium Kansasii in Lungs - Underweight - Undernourished I'm afraid of detox because of my weight and muscle loss. 00:27:04 - Beet-Juice Cleanse How does it help the kidneys? 00:34:48 - IBS - Pain - Menstruation What foods would best support her right now? 00:44:57 - Vision - Vestibular Migraine - Light Sensitivity I get vestibular migraines which last 2 weeks to a month. 00:56:02 - Congenital Hypothyroidism My daughter was diagnosed with Congenital Hypothyroidism from birth. 01:04:40 - Eye Pictures These incredible eyes are from a client of mine, and I'd love your take on them.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - Health Information 00:08:00 - Sports - Fitness 00:09:47 - Swallowing - Throat Issues 00:32:35 - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) 00:50:24 - ADHD - Bipolar 01:03:30 - Acne - Eczema - Inflammation 01:22:35 - Hirsutism 01:30:25 - Poor Digestion - Eczema - Erythema Nodosum (EN) - Hypothyroidism - Suspicious Mole 00:08:00 - Sports - Fitness Can a man my age compete in sports at a high level? 00:09:47 - Swallowing - Throat Issues Does just eating fruit mainly, cause swallowing/throat issues? 00:32:35 - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Dr. Morse discussing Rheumatoid Arthritis. 00:50:24 - ADHD - Bipolar I feel my kidneys and adrenals are suffering since I go to toilet four times a night. 01:03:30 - Acne - Eczema - Inflammation What other problems do you see in my eyes? 01:22:35 - Hirsutism I'm feeling incredibly tired and worn out with the amount of hair I have on my body as a young woman. 01:30:25 - Poor Digestion - Eczema - Erythema Nodosum (EN) - Hypothyroidism - Suspicious Mole My naturopath advised against juicing and raw foods.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - MRI Question - Implant Surgery Question - Breast Cancer Question 00:38:19 - Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) 00:58:43 - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 01:08:37 - One Kidney - Low Energy - Brain Fog - Hair Loss 01:29:38 - Sleepless - Ringing in the ears - Depression - Anxiety - Obsessive Thoughts - Head Pain 01:35:58 - Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) Update with Eye Pictures 01:42:17 - Cervical Cancer Update with Eye Pictures 00:38:19 - Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) A scan of her head revealed severe inflammation in her brain. 00:58:43 - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy The doctors told me it's genetic, is this true or does lifestyle come into it? 01:08:37 - One Kidney - Low Energy - Brain Fog - Hair Loss I'm unsure if the adrenal gland was removed too. 01:29:38 - Sleepless - Ringing in the ears - Depression - Anxiety - Obsessive Thoughts - Head Pain I have ringing in the ears, depression, anxiety obsessive thoughts and face/head pain, for years. 01:35:58 - Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) Update with Eye Pictures Pain from my skeleton that I've had for 4 years is gone 01:42:17 - Cervical Cancer Update with Eye Pictures Was told surgery was not an option.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - The Human Body 00:16:02 - Testicular Tumor - Cramps - B12 01:00:49 - Rashes - Skin Issues - Warts 01:09:01 - Digestion Issues - Fatigue - Pain - Prolapse - Bloating - Depression 01:31:54 - Chronic Stuffiness - Bloating - Fatigue 00:16:02 - Testicular Tumor - Cramps - B12 The testicular tumor regrew and has been slowly enlarging for the past three years. 01:00:49 - Rashes - Skin Issues - Warts My 11-year-old has always had skin issues (eczema) and currently has an expanding rash on his face. 01:09:01 - Digestion Issues - Fatigue - Pain - Prolapse - Bloating - Depression I've had depression since the age of 9 when my parents separated, and the depression continued. 01:31:54 - Chronic Stuffiness - Bloating - Fatigue I've been experiencing chronic sinus/stuffiness, gunk in throat and phlegmy lungs over the past 2 years.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:02:11 - Bloating on Fruits 00:30:27 - IBS - Depression - Coughing Mucus 00:02:11 - Bloating on Fruits Is this just a normal transition? 00:30:27 - IBS - Depression - Coughing Mucus For the past three years, I have also been coughing up yellow mucus on a daily basis.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - Tumor Shrinkage - Testimonials 00:07:32 - Heart Palpitations - Muscle Fatigue - Cramps - Nights Sweats - Panic Attack 00:26:44 - Breast Tumor - Update with Eye Pictures 00:37:34 - Gastritis - Indigestion - Brain Surgery - Tachycardia 01:05:44 - Adrenal and Parathyroid Crash 01:31:00 - Lymph Nodes - Bacterium- Lymph Flow - Omega 3 vs. 6 00:07:32 - Heart Palpitations - Muscle Fatigue - Cramps - Nights Sweats - Panic Attack I went to a HRT Doctor, was told me it was due to my low testosterone. 00:26:44 - Breast Tumor - Update with Eye Pictures I started to have some kind of cyst on the left breast, it's grown to 7-9 cm in diameter. 00:37:34 - Gastritis - Indigestion - Brain Surgery - Tachycardia A tumor was found in my brain, I underwent surgery in 2013. 01:05:44 - Adrenal and Parathyroid Crash I wake up with terrifying adrenaline rushes, heart palpitations, and severe anxiety. 01:31:00 - Lymph Nodes - Bacterium- Lymph Flow - Omega 3 vs. 6 Do you have any thoughts on these two theoretical observations?

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:54 - Formula for Infants 00:22:22 - Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) 00:46:26 - Constipation - Inflammation - Chronic Kidney Disease 01:14:21- Constant Pain -Swelling - Hernia 00:01:54 - Formula for Infants Do you have a recipe for a healthy formula? 00:22:22 - Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) The main tumors are on the small intestines. 00:46:26 - Constipation - Inflammation - Chronic Kidney Disease One night I was rushed to the emergency room for excruciating pain on the left side of my abdomen. 01:14:21- Constant Pain -Swelling - Hernia He only feels okay while he's asleep.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:00:38 - Email from Leah 00:07:40 - Client with Breast Cancer 00:33:35 - Laryngeal Cancer (Voice Box) 00:49:11 - Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) - Claustrophobia - Anhedonia - GERD - IBS - Constipation - PMS 01:02:42 - Metals 01:05:10 - Dry Feet 01:09:17 - Hemorrhoids - Cold - Sagging Skin 01:27:00 - Hypertension - Neuropathy in Feet 00:00:38 - Email from Leah I'm 16 years old. My life has completely changed, your teachings have been at the center of that transformation. 00:07:40 - Client with Breast Cancer The brain is proving to be difficult after 3 surgeries. 00:33:35 - Laryngeal Cancer (Voice Box) She's having problems breathing and swallowing. 00:49:11 - Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) - Claustrophobia - Anhedonia - GERD - IBS - Constipation - PMS I've been getting Restless Leg Syndrome every time I lay down at night. 01:02:42 - Metals Some healing modalities claim that jewellery and piercings can affect the meridians. 01:05:10 - Dry Feet My feet crack wide open, I've used many many creams. 01:09:17 - Hemorrhoids - Cold - Sagging Skin It scares me into thinking I have colon cancer. 01:27:00 - Hypertension - Neuropathy in Feet The heart palpitations with oil of oregano were so severe.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - New Capsules! 00:02:01 - Peptic Ulcers - Extreme Fatigue - Wrinkling - Joint Pain - Cold Hands - Poor Digestion - Anxiety 00:41:04 - Acid Reflux - Stomach Issues - Anxiety - Heart 00:54:48 - Health and Spirituality Question - Stomach Pains 01:14:00 - Calcium for Toddlers 00:02:01 - Peptic Ulcers - Extreme Fatigue - Wrinkling - Joint Pain - Cold Hands - Poor Digestion - Anxiety When I get hungry, I become extremely shaky as if I'm going to pass out if I don't eat. 00:41:04 - Acid Reflux - Stomach Issues - Anxiety - Heart I visit the ER 4 times a week and they are tired of me. 00:54:48 - Health and Spirituality Question - Stomach Pains What's your opinion on Reiki energy healing? 01:14:00 - Calcium for Toddlers Once I wean my child off breastmilk, I'm concerned she won't be getting enough calcium.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - New Class on the Spirituality of Naturopathy 00:04:05 - Chronic Fatigue - Balance Issues - Brain Fog 00:35:14 - Adenoidectomy - Tonsillectomy 00:45:27 - Retinal Detachment and Degeneration, Corneal Thinning/ Bloating - Low Thyroid 01:08:16 - Chronic Pain - Healing Journey 01:24:42 - Breast Tumor 00:04:05 - Chronic Fatigue - Balance Issues - Brain Fog For the last 7 years, I've had an on and off feeling, like I'm on a boat when walking. 00:35:14 - Adenoidectomy - Tonsillectomy I deeply regret this. Can they grow back? 00:45:27 - Retinal Detachment and Degeneration, Corneal Thinning/ Bloating - Low Thyroid Is it possible to regenerate retinas and the eyes structure, damaged through treatments? 01:08:16 - Chronic Pain - Healing Journey I want to snack on fruit during the day, but the gas/bloat makes me embarrassed. 01:24:42 - Breast Tumor I started to have a kind of a cyst on the left breast, it's now up to 7-9 cm in diameter.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:08:01 - High Blood Pressure - Heart Condition - Major Stroke 00:29:56 - Stage 4B Endometrial cancer - Lymph Nodes 00:41:46 - GI Tract - Seborrheic Dermatitis - Pre-insulin Resistance - Low Energy 01:05:52 - Root Canal 01:17:53 -Type 2 Diabetes - Constipation - Anxiety - dry scalp, struggle to get to ideal weight 01:37:36 - Intense Lower back pains - Nutrients in Soil 00:08:01 - High Blood Pressure - Heart Condition - Major Stroke My sister had a major stroke in 2010, she can't talk but can make some sounds. 00:29:56 - Stage 4B Endometrial cancer - Lymph Nodes I also had blood clots in my lungs and now on blood thinners. 00:41:46 - GI Tract - Seborrheic Dermatitis - Pre-insulin Resistance - Low Energy Blood tests came back for prediabetic and polycystic ovaries. 01:05:52 - Root Canal I have three teeth that need work and I have to make a decision - root canals or extraction. 01:17:53 -Type 2 Diabetes - Constipation - Anxiety - dry scalp, struggle to get to ideal weight Are there other things I should add to address my adrenals or other issues? 01:37:36 - Intense Lower back pains - Nutrients in Soil Are frozen fruits almost as electric as fresh ones?

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:39 - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) - Kidney/Liver Failure - Edema - Fibromyalgia - Pyelonephritis 00:32:48 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 00:57:28 - Xanthelasma 01:06:02 - Clubfoot - Update with Eye Pictures 01:22:21 - Adrenal Tumor - Update with Eye Pictures 01:40:33 - Throat Issues 02:16:24 - Benign Epididymal Cysts 00:01:39 - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) - Kidney/Liver Failure - Edema - Fibromyalgia - Pyelonephritis I do struggle with fatigue, especially in the fall/winter time. 00:32:48 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) I've been told that my condition of Emphysema is not curable. 00:57:28 - Xanthelasma I started having fat deposits around my eyes about a year and a half ago. 01:06:02 - Clubfoot - Update with Eye Pictures I was born in 1991 with a left clubfoot. 01:22:21 - Adrenal Tumor - Update with Eye Pictures I had epilepsy since childhood 5 years of age. 01:40:33 - Throat Issues I have a digestive gurgling sound in my throat. 02:16:24 - Benign Epididymal Cysts I have recently been diagnosed with a benign epididymal cyst (spermatocele).

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:03 - Stage 4 Breast Cancer 00:37:12 - Lump on Neck - Swollen Lymph Nodes 01:03:57 - Covid Vaccine Side Effects 00:01:03 - Stage 4 Breast Cancer 2 weeks fruit-only, and the amount of fluid accumulating around my lungs has significantly reduced. 00:37:12 - Lump on Neck The first node that appeared was ping pong sized. 01:03:57 - Covid Vaccine Side Effects My daughter-in-law Elena is almost 38 yrs. young and has been injured from the Covid jab back in 2022.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:33 - Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF) 00:23:31- Torn Meniscus - Cartilage Loss 00:38:57 - Endometriosis - Unwanted Hair Growth - Excessive Hair Loss - Acne - Cystic Gut 01:03:41 - Benign Tumor 01:13:50 - Growths 00:01:33 - Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF) AFib has been running my life for the past year with multiple weekly episodes. 00:23:31- Torn Meniscus - Cartilage Loss I am now in constant pain and have great difficulty walking. 00:38:57 - Endometriosis - Unwanted Hair Growth - Excessive Hair Loss - Acne - Cystic Gut My main health issue is, very severe and painful menstrual periods with heavy bleeding. 01:03:41 - Benign Tumor My 5-year-old daughter has a benign tumor, I'm trying to find a solution for her. 01:13:50 - Growths The latest one I have is hard and sometimes pulses a little bit.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - New Telegram Channel for Ladies - Prenatal and Childbirth 00:09:19 - Enlarged Lymph Nodes 01:11:42 - Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) 01:26:50 - Type 2 Diabetes 00:09:19 - Enlarged Lymph Nodes Is fruit enough to sustain the body for long periods of time? 01:11:42 - Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) I got it from my Dad, same for my young brother. 01:26:50 - Type 2 Diabetes I've had Type 2 Diabetes for the last 15 years and am taking medications.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:00:19 - Malabsorption 00:10:12 - Epilepsy - High Blood Pressure - Hemorrhoids - Tumor 00:29:41 - Renal Artery Stenosis 00:48:23 - Parkinson’s Disease - Arthritis - Osteoporosis - Carpal Tunnel - Adrenal Fatigue - High Blood Pressure 01:10:45 - Acne - Molluscum Contagiosum 01:27:22 - Pain - Arthritis 00:00:19 - Malabsorption Should I plan to go on a longer than 3 month juice fast? 00:10:12 - Epilepsy - High Blood Pressure - Hemorrhoids - Tumor I had epilepsy since childhood at 5 years of age. 00:29:41 - Renal Artery Stenosis I refused to take statins as I knew there was a reason for my high blood pressure. 00:48:23 - Parkinson’s Disease - Arthritis - Osteoporosis - Carpal Tunnel - Adrenal Fatigue - High Blood Pressure I have muscle loss and I'm trying to gain weight. 01:10:45 - Acne - Molluscum Contagiosum My 3 1/2 year-old daughter has molluscum contagiosum and I would like to know what is best for her. 01:27:22 - Pain - Arthritis Does my iris indicate inflammatory arthritis?

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - New Classes 00:07:34 - Concussion 00:19:12 - Clubfoot - Allergies - Astigmatism 00:35:34 - Thyroidectomy 00:52:10 - PTSD - Sjogren's Syndrome 00:07:34 - Concussion My daughter has had a series of concussions for more than five years now. 00:19:12 - Clubfoot - Allergies - Astigmatism At age 12, my foot began to hurt due to its shape, and my three middle toes were curled under. 00:35:34 - Thyroidectomy I've been considering whether it's possible for me to stop this medication. 00:52:10 - PTSD - Sjogren's Syndrome I have extreme PTSD which I am working on in therapy, and have Sjogren's syndrome.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:05:35 - Toxic Paint 00:37:08 - Raynaud's Phenomenon 00:49:04 - Type 2 Diabetes - Perineal Nerve Disorder - Hernia - Constipation - Iron Deficiency - Low Creatinine 01:01:56 - Varicocele 01:27:49 - Constipation - Low Thyroid 00:05:35 - Toxic Paint What do you know about toxic paint, gassing and low VOC paint? 00:37:08 - Raynaud's Phenomenon Are there any suggested fruits/herbs which may help control Raynaud's symptoms? 00:49:04 - Type 2 Diabetes - Perineal Nerve Disorder - Hernia - Constipation - Iron Deficiency - Low Creatinine I haven't felt well for a while now. 01:01:56 - Varicocele I also have a history of OCD and depression. 01:27:49 - Constipation - Low Thyroid I've had low thyroid for 18 years (it's in the family), I'm on Armour Thyroid pills now.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro 00:07:17 - Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF) - Severe Brain Damage 00:23:31 - High Blood Pressure - Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Breast Cancer - Mastectomy - Hysterectomy 00:38:32 - Ovaries - Skeletal System - Cataracts - Gall Bladder - Pituitary 01:03:54 - Hypochlorhydria (Low stomach acid) - Stage 3 Hemorrhoids - Digestion Issues - Fatigue - Chest Pain 01:22:34 - Colorectal Tumor - Fistula - Tumors 00:07:17 - Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF) - Severe Brain Damage My son had his hepatic transplant 3 months ago. He can't speak or move. 00:23:31 - High Blood Pressure - Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Breast Cancer - Mastectomy - Hysterectomy I have a leaky heart valve, and sarcoidosis of the pancreas and lungs. 00:38:32 - Ovaries - Skeletal System - Cataracts - Gall Bladder - Pituitary My gallbladder is really struggling. Lots of burping, hiccupping 01:03:54 - Hypochlorhydria (Low stomach acid) - Stage 3 Hemorrhoids - Digestion Issues - Fatigue - Chest Pain What exercises should I do to support detox? Swimming, sauna? 01:22:34 - Colorectal Tumor - Fistula - Tumors She regularly passes tumor tissue through the fistula, sometimes in large amounts.

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - New Salve! 00:01:17 - SHOC2 Noonan-like syndrome (NS/LAH) - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) 00:38:30 - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Update - Eyes 00:44:33 - Raynaud's Phenomenon - Interstitial Lung Disease - Scleroderma - Avascular necrosis (AVN) 01:00:15 - Kundalini-like Symptoms - Overstimulated Nervous System - Social Anxiety 01:17:42 - Vitiligo 01:25:26 - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) - Osteoarthritis - Knee Surgery 00:01:17 - SHOC2 Noonan-like syndrome (NS/LAH) - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Can genetic syndromes like my sons be reversed? 00:38:30 - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Update - Eyes She was diagnosed with MS via MRI and spinal tap. 00:44:33 - Raynaud's Phenomenon - Interstitial Lung Disease - Scleroderma - Avascular necrosis (AVN) My 17 year old was diagnosed with Raynaud's Phenomenon late 2024. 01:00:15 - Kundalini-like Symptoms - Overstimulated Nervous System - Social Anxiety I am also experiencing fasciculations, buzzing (especially in legs), twitches and tremors. 01:17:42 - Vitiligo I can feel the burning sensation going up to my face and down my left side. 01:25:26 - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) - Osteoarthritis - Knee Surgery I want to save his other knee which doctors told him they'd also have to operate on.