C19: America in the 19th Century

Welcome to a 2-part series on Robert Morris, who was a force for justice in nineteenth-century Boston. He championed school desegregation, defended fugitives from slavery, supported equal rights for women, and advocated for Irish immigrants. Morris, his wife Catherine, and their son Robert Jr. were also early major donors and multifaceted supporters of Boston College in its earliest most fledgling years. Christy Pottroff and Justin Brown-Ramsey explore the story of the Morris family who transformed their institution, Boston’s abolitionist movement, and the struggle for civil rights more broadly. The cohosts share a portrait of the Morris family and their historical impact by engaging recent scholarship by Jacqueline Jones, Ilyon Woo, & Kabria Baumgartner. They also interview library staff at Boston College who have worked directly with the Morris family collection in the archives (Laurel Davis and Andrew Isidoro), and writing from undergraduates who read from these books and helped recover the Morris family legacy. This podcast tells the story of ongoing efforts to preserve and reconstitute the Morris Family Collection, donated to BC at the end of the nineteenth century. Along the way, the pair discuss how Robert and Catherine Morris worked individually and as a pair to shape the political and educational landscape of their city, doing so in a way that set them apart as trailblazers in the nineteenth century’s multifaceted civil rights movements. Post-production support by Jess Van Gilder (Georgia Tech). Transcript and link to full size cover art [bit.ly/S10E02E03Transcript].

Welcome to a 2-part series on Robert Morris, who was a force for justice in nineteenth-century Boston. He championed school desegregation, defended fugitives from slavery, supported equal rights for women, and advocated for Irish immigrants. Morris, his wife Catherine, and their son Robert Jr. were also early major donors and multifaceted supporters of Boston College in its earliest most fledgling years. Christy Pottroff and Justin Brown-Ramsey explore the story of the Morris family who transformed their institution, Boston’s abolitionist movement, and the struggle for civil rights more broadly. The cohosts share a portrait of the Morris family and their historical impact by engaging recent scholarship by Jacqueline Jones, Ilyon Woo, & Kabria Baumgartner. They also interview library staff at Boston College who have worked directly with the Morris family collection in the archives (Laurel Davis and Andrew Isidoro), and writing from undergraduates who read from these books and helped recover the Morris family legacy. This podcast tells the story of ongoing efforts to preserve and reconstitute the Morris Family Collection, donated to BC at the end of the nineteenth century. Along the way, the pair discuss how Robert and Catherine Morris worked individually and as a pair to shape the political and educational landscape of their city, doing so in a way that set them apart as trailblazers in the nineteenth century’s multifaceted civil rights movements. Post-production support by Jess Van Gilder (Georgia Tech). Transcript and link to full size cover art [https://bit.ly/S10E02E03Transcript].

In this episode, podcast co-chairs Stefan Schöberlein and Jess Van Gilder talk with guests about the upcoming C19 Conference in Cincinnati (2026). The episode features historical spotlights, tips for attendees, and background on Cincinnati provided by Martha Schoolman, RJ Boutelle, Christina Hartlieb, Dan Farbman, Anne Delano Steinert, Ashley Glassburn, Eric Gardner, Courtney Murray Ross, Jack Love, Michael Soriano, and Kassie Jo Baron. The episode was produced by Stefan Schöberlein and Jess Van Gilder, with additional post-production support by Sarah Buchmeier. Transcript available at https://bit.ly/S10E01-Transcript.

This episode features a conversation between Alex Alston, Assistant Professor of Literatures in English at Bryn Mawr College, and Maurice O. Wallace, Professor of English at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, revolving primarily around the presence of nonhuman animals in nineteenth-century Antebellum slave narratives and related literature. The discussants explore the evolution of Frederick Douglass’s rhetoric and thinking around nonhuman animal life throughout his career as an editor, activist, and intellectual. They focus on The Heroic Slave, Douglass’s fictional account of a historical revolt aboard the Creole, wherein the fictional protagonist, Madison Washington, is inspired by birds and a snake to escape bondage. From Douglass’s oeuvre Alston and Wallace think out toward how the narratives of other enslaved persons and Black authors of the 19th century contemplated the condition of nonhuman animals alongside their own in a range of asymmetrical and conflicting ways. Other narratives discussed include those of Mary Prince, Moses Roper, Henry Bibb, and Jacob D. Green. The conversation also delves into relevant and recent criticism on questions of race, gender, species, etc. in 19th century texts. Post-production support by Jess Van Gilder (Georgia Tech). Transcript and bibliography available at https://bit.ly/S09E05Transcript

On this episode, Aíne Norris (Old Dominion University), guides us through one story of an age-old accusation levied against women throughout colonial and early American history: witchcraft. In 1891, newspapers across America printed a story about known witches in the Appalachian Mountains and their supernatural powers. “Sally Friddly” of Potts Creek, Alleghany County, Virginia, was among those named, accused of enchanting a milk pail to steal cream from her neighbors. The blurb and alleged incantation were picked up and re-printed in papers across the country for the next five years, but Fridley’s name was not otherwise associated with witchcraft within public records. Today, the allegation remains, forever naming Fridley, and others, as Virginia witches. Researching their footsteps for over a year led Norris through the mountain roads of Alleghany County and to the doorsteps of descendants, all in a larger discussion of power, lore, and legacy. Production support by Crystal Donkor (Southern Methodist University). Transcript available at bit.ly/S09E04Transcript Resources: bit.ly/S09E04Resources

In 1888, James Chesser and Georgianna Holly married in the growing city of Fort Smith, Arkansas. A few months later during James's arrest, courts argued that Georgianna was legally a man. Legal and social structures at the time struggled for language to define this mixed-race couple in a time before rampant anti-sodomy and anti-miscegenation laws. In this episode, Rachel Trusty (Bucknell University) lays out what is known about their lives before and after arrest, and contextualizes their situation in the broader local-national politics of a post-Civil War border town. Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S09E03ChesserAndHolly. Post-production support by Genevieve Johnson (Newcastle University) and Ryan Charlton (Georgia State University).

This episode addresses the elephant slouching on its phone in the corner of many literature classrooms. Mary Isbell (University of New Haven) describes her search for a solution to the student reading crisis, incorporating conversations recorded as she was writing Searching for Wonder: Teaching Literature with Student-Selected Texts. These conversations reveal the many reasons faculty may be hesitant to set aside their carefully curated reading lists. With her guests, Isbell explores the history of literature instruction, the firm hold of close reading on the teaching of literature, the role of scholarly expertise in the humanities classroom, and the challenge of assessing process in literature courses. Production support by Stefan Schöberlein (Texas A&M University-Central Texas). Transcript available at bit.ly/S0902Transcript. To read the conclusion of Isbell's book Searching For Wonder, visit bit.ly/S09E02Resources.

In this episode, Christopher Douglas (Jacksonville State University) leads Ashley Rattner (Jacksonville State University) through some of the most popular late 18th and early 19th-century content available on YouTube: period cooking recreation. If one were to search "18th century America" or "early America" on YouTube, the top results are short videos of people making food in recreation settings. This episode focuses specifically on Townsends, which covers 18th-century America and Early American, which focuses on the early 19th century. The ways these channels recreate the past omits voices that had fewer opportunities to publish during these periods, minimizing or ignoring the ways in which enslaved persons and Indigenous peoples made food, thus creating a limited recreation of America's historical past. The episode ends with suggestions for including more authentic recreation in the general-education classroom. Post-production support by Ryan Charlton (Georgia State University). Works Referenced at bit.ly/S09E01WorksReferenced. Transcript available at bit.ly/S09E01Transcript.

In this episode, Marlene L. Daut (Yale University) and Grégory Pierrot (UConn-Stamford) revisit Ridley Scott's big-budget 2023 biopic, Napoleon, out of Apple Studios. The film’s writers promised to tell the story of France’s first emperor, Napoléon Bonaparte, in a novel way. Designed to focus on his relationship with his wife Joséphine de Beauharnais, the film instead harnessed much of its energy on rehearsing Bonaparte’s well-known wins and losses at the Battles of Toulon, Austerlitz, Wagram, the Russian campaign and Waterloo. But there were important battles in Napoléon’s life that viewers did not get to witness—namely, those Bonaparte ordered across the Atlantic in France’s Caribbean colonies in Saint-Domingue (today Haiti) and Guadeloupe. With this conversation, Daut and Pierrot hope to engage the public in one of the most relevant conversations of our time: how to teach histories of slavery, racism, and colonialism in both national and international contexts. Post-production support by Genevieve Johnson-Smith (Newcastle University). Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S08E05Transcript.

In this episode, Jean Pfaelzer (Prof. Emerita, University of Delaware) describes the untold history of slavery, slave revolts, and resistance in California, based on her award-winning book California, A Slave State. Interviewed by Karen Clopton, JD, Chair of the San Francisco Human Rights Commission and Harvard University Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellow, Pfaelzer looks West to upend the notion of slavery in the United States as only a North-South struggle. Pfaelzer establishes that freedom from slavery is a struggle, not a status. Slavery endures even to the present day in the sex trade, field work, sweat shops, and marijuana industry. This is the history of how California’s distinct multi-racial population rose from the struggles and ranks of the unfree. Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S08E04Transcript.

In this episode, Fiona Maxwell (University of Chicago) highlights the presence and power of youth voices in the collaborative print culture of Progressive Era Club Newspapers. Through a close look at Northwestern University Settlement House, Fiona illustrates the varied, and often fun, ways in which children and youth from marginalized communities utilized the power of collective imagination to reimagine their public sphere. The episode highlights entertaining archival materials that feature youth voices to demonstrate how collaborative creative projects such as club news inspired working-class young people to use their enhanced facility with print and spoken discourse to become community advocates. Finally, the episode returns to the present and Fiona's work at the Piven Theatre Workshop to discuss the enduring appeal and relevancy of club newspapers to the current generation of young people, who have transformed the genre into a means of fostering resilience and finding belonging in a time of crisis and isolation. Post-production support provided by Jess Van Gilder (Bluegrass Community and Technical College). Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S08E03Transcript.

“The Time and Place of Performance” looks at the vast circuits of nineteenth-century performance. Amy Huang (Bates College) and Kellen Hoxworth (University at Buffalo, SUNY) consider how nineteenth-century performances move backward and forward, citing past moments, and themselves undergoing processes of recycling and re-presentation to move into the future and challenge the framework of the nation-state. This conversation explores the transoceanic circuits of plays and artists (such as Ira Aldridge and Rose Quong) and the unexpected connections between blackface and yellowface performance to consider how and whether it might be important to teach nineteenth-century theatre and performance. Although Huang and Hoxworth both find some of this theatre “bad,” they discuss how we might teach these plays and performances in ways that do not depend on shoring up these works’ exemplariness or exceptionality. How might we stay with the “bad,” the partial, and the minor moments of theatre and performance history? Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S08E02Transcript.

Generally associated with postbellum regionalism, mutinous heroines feigning New England propriety, and consumable literature for the urban elites, recent re-readings of Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman’s fiction have uncovered its nuanced, surreptitious, and explosive quality. Much of this disquiet is concentrated in the bodies of barely domesticated animals. Contributors to this episode – Elena Furlanetto (host, University of Duisburg-Essen), Cécile Roudeau (Université Paris Cité), Emma Thiébaut (Université Paris Cité), and Emily Coccia (Carleton College) – propose to take a deeper look at parrots, cats, dogs, squirrels, and monkeys in Understudies (1901), a collection of short stories about New England’s nonhuman nature, and other works by the same author. In Wilkins Freeman’s animals, anthropomorphic and sentimentalist guidelines for animal representation which inform much 19th-century animal fiction burst at the seams to reveal creatures of ambiguity who disturb the quiet of New England living rooms, demonstrate the potential of cages not quite shut, and tread the unstable borders between garden and wilderness. The voices in this podcast follow Stephanie Palmer’s encouragement to “listen to the ambivalences” of Wilkins Freeman’s fiction and treat animals as a productive site of confluence for different foci: from animal studies to queer and feminist ecologies, Indigenous studies, and ambiguity studies among others. Shownotes: https://bit.ly/S08E01_Shownotes Transcript Available at https://bit.ly/S08E01Transcript

Since May 2021, G19: The Graduate Student Collective of C19 has produced and published The New Book Forum, an online interview series that facilitates conversations between graduate students and the author of a recent book in the field of 19th-century American literature. This episode is hosted by the forum’s founders, Rachael DeWitt (Columbia University), Max Chapnick (Northeastern University), and Allison (Ally) Fulton (University of California Davis) who discuss the project’s beginnings and the insights they’ve gleaned since. They share a short selection from an April 2023 interview with Autumn Womack on her book The Matter of Black Living (2022), and then reflect on three years of conversations on new directions in the field, scholarly publication, and bringing the nineteenth century into the classroom. They wrap up by discussing some favorite interview moments and anticipate where the forum is headed in the future. Post-production support by Julia Bernier (Washington & Jefferson College). Full transcript available at https://bit.ly/S07E05Transcript

In this episode, Kassie Jo Baron (University of Tennessee at Martin) and Karah M. Mitchell (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) investigate the popularity and representation of “sagacious” Newfoundland dogs in nineteenth-century American literature. The episode begins with an overview of animal studies as a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between animals, history, and literature. Keeping this framework in mind, Kassie and Karah investigate how and why Newfoundlands, or “Newfies,” became so ubiquitous across the nineteenth-century United States. The Newfoundland’s association with loyalty, water rescue, and maritime industry means it’s no surprise that they appeared in the public and private writings of Lewis and Clark, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, and Emily Dickinson. This episode ultimately theorizes the conditions that led to the rise and fall of Newfoundlands’ popularity in the nineteenth century–what they represented and how they were viewed–and their impact on literary production. Post-production support by Ryan Charlton (Georgia State University). Transcript available at bit.ly/S07E04Transcript.

In this episode, Paul Fess (LaGuardia Community College) explores the connections between Martin Delany and the songwriters Joshua McCarter Simpson and Stephen Foster. Embedded in the mix of Delany’s novel Blake; or, The Huts of America are several songs that invoke some of Foster’s most familiar melodies, such as those associated with the songs “Oh! Susanna” and “Uncle Ned.” Digging through the archive, scholars have discovered these parodies to be the work of the relatively obscure Joshua McCarter Simpson, an activist in Ohio’s Colored Conventions movement, a conductor on the underground railroad, and, with the publication of his Original Anti-Slavery Songs, the first African American to produce a songbook of original compositions. This episode examines how Delany and Simpson strategically repurpose Foster's sentimentalism-infused melodies, navigating the racial complexities of antebellum culture. While Foster aimed to soften the degrading aspects of minstrelsy, Delany and Simpson use these melodies to create a Black abolitionist discourse, challenging sentimental aesthetics. The novel's characters, like Simpson's lyrics, redefine the nostalgic longing in Foster's songs, emphasizing the harsh realities of enslaved life. Delany and Simpson employ music as a tool for political activism, crafting a counterhegemonic discourse and fostering a sense of collective resistance against enslavement. Post-production support provided by DeLisa D. Hawkes (University of Tennessee, Knoxville). Transcript available at https://bit.ly/S07E03Transcript. Additional resources available at https://bit.ly/S07E03Resources.

In this episode, we look forward to the upcoming C19 Conference, to be held March 14-16 in Pasadena, California. Jessica Van Gilder (University of Kentucky) interviews Chair of the C19 Program Committee Lara Langer Cohen (Swarthmore College) and G19 leader and editor Courtney Murray (Pennsylvania State University) to discuss the theme and location of the conference and offer practical advice for first-time participants. Along the way, we’ll check in with some of our past podcast contributors—Spencer Tricker (Clark University), Carie Schneider (Cameron University), Sean Gordon (California State University, Fresno), and Vanessa Ovalle Perez (California State University, San Bernardino)—all of whom will be attending this year’s conference. For additional information, the conference program is available online at c19theend.com/program. This episode was produced by Julia Bernier (Washington and Jefferson College), Crystal Donkor (SUNY New Paltz), Genevieve Johnson-Smith (Newcastle University), Lizzy LeRud (Minot State University), Stefan Schöberlein (Texas A&M University-Central Texas), Jessica Van Gilder (University of Kentucky), Ashley Rattner (Jacksonville State University), and Ryan Charlton (Georgia State University). Full episode transcript available: bit.ly/C19Podcast-S07E02-transcript UPDATE: Unfortunately, Vanessa Ovalle Perez will no longer be able to attend the conference.

In this episode, Eagan Dean (Rutgers University, New Brunswick) makes the case that trans studies is an important new area for nineteenth century cultural history and that the stakes of this scholarship are higher than ever. Featuring author Peyton Thomas and scholars Rebekkah Mulholland (California State University, Sacramento) and Jen Manion (Amherst College), Eagan Dean gives an overview of current scholarship in the field and opportunities for intervention from C19 scholars, as well as tips for adding trans studies insights to your teaching. This episode also includes a sampling of cutting-edge scholarship in nineteenth century trans studies from the April 2023 Rutgers symposium on The Trans Nineteenth Century. Additional resources are available at https://bit.ly/StudyingTransnessResources and you can find the episode transcript at https://bit.ly/C19Podcast-S07E01-transcript.

How does an enslaved woman's song from 1830s in Georgia end up on a 1950s radio program in South Africa and in a modern singing class? This is the surprising story of an African-born woman named Tena, whose music has echoed for generations across continents, airwaves, and even college classrooms. Mary Caton Lingold (Virginia Commonwealth University) first encountered Tena’s song in a book of sheet music by Carl Sandburg but a series of events led her to uncover details about Tena’s life in living memories of her enslavers’ descendants and in archival recordings and documents. This episode is about Tena's life and legacy, the challenges of researching enslaved women’s lives, and how sound and performance can open up new ways of engaging with the past. This episode was created and produced by Mary Caton Lingold (Virginia Commonwealth University) with post-production help from Kristie Schlauraff. Episode transcript available here: https://bit.ly/BestofLingold

Over the last few years, academia has seen a wave of labor action, especially by graduate workers. In this episode, Max Chapnick (Boston University) and Lawrence Lorraine Mullen (University at Buffalo), expand on their MLA 2023 panel on graduate worker labor organizing, exploring the relationship between labor unions, graduate student research, and pedagogy. Chapnick and Mullen start by revisiting brief audio clips from the MLA panel–including the contributions of graduate worker organizers Francesca Colonese (University of Washington), Johannah King-Slutzky (Columbia University) and Mushira Habib (University of Oregon)–and offered with their framing commentary. The hosts then conduct a follow-up conversation with King-Slutzky and Colonese, covering a wide range of topics including the relevance of close-reading Victorian poetry to union contract interpretation; the problem of Shaftesbury’s concept of the disinterestedness of art as disincentivizing investment in the humanities; and the ways organizing helps us see the nineteenth-century anew. Most importantly: when you’re done listening, go out and do some organizing! Post-production support was provided by Lizzy LeRud (Minot State University). Transcript available at https://bit.ly/S06E04Transcript