JAMA Clinical Reviews

Lung cancer in nonsmoking individuals is increasing worldwide and currently accounts for 15% to 20% of lung cancer cases globally. Benjamin Solomon, PhD, of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia, discusses the epidemiology and treatment of lung cancer in nonsmoking patients with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Lung Cancer in Nonsmoking Individuals ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Syphilis infections have increased in the US and worldwide over the past decade. Left untreated, syphilis can cause blindness, deafness, psychosis, dementia, and peripheral nerve damage, and can cause congenital syphilis. Author Franco Chevalier, MD, MPH, from the San Francisco Department of Public Health discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content: Syphilis

Microplastics, defined as plastics smaller than 5 mm, have been detected in human tissues at increasing rates and are associated with potential adverse health effects. Author David Christiani, MD, MPH, from the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, discusses this topic and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Microplastics and Human Health

Severe refractory asthma, which affects approximately 1% to 5% of patients with asthma, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Author Juan Carlos Cardet, MD, MPH, of the University of South Florida joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the management of patients with severe refractory asthma, including first-line medications and biologics. Related Content: Management of Severe Refractory Asthma

Epidemiologist Brian Lee, PhD, discusses his study on acetaminophen use during pregnancy and children’s risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in this interview with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD. Related Content: Acetaminophen Use in Pregnancy—Study Author Explains the Data

Health care professionals often use numbers to guide decisions, monitor patient health, and communicate information. Author Angela Fagerlin, PhD, of the University of Utah joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss how providing numerical information may be helpful in shared decision-making with patients. Related Content: How to Communicate Medical Numbers

Superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) is characterized by thrombus formation in the superficial veins, typically in the lower or upper extremities. In this podcast, the coauthor of a JAMA review on SuVT, Behnood Bikdeli, MD, MS, discusses pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of SuVT with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD. Related Content: Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Untreated hypothyroidism can cause serious health complications such as heart failure and myxedema coma. Author Maria Papaleontiou, MD, of the University of Michigan joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of primary overt hypothyroidism in nonpregnant adults. Related Content: Hypothyroidism

Interview with Alexander Chern, MD, author of Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid–Enabled Earbuds—Merging Hearing Health and Technology. Hosted by Paul C. Bryson, MD, MBA. Related Content: Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid–Enabled Earbuds—Merging Hearing Health and Technology

The incidence and prevalence of cutaneous melanoma in the US and worldwide have increased over the last 5 decades. JAMA Review Author John Kirkwood, MD, discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of melanoma with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Cutaneous Melanoma ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Hemorrhoidal disease, pathology of the tissue lining the anal canal, affects approximately 10 million individuals in the US. Author Jean H. Ashburn, MD, of Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, discuss the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Related Content: Hemorrhoidal Disease

Dalbavancin, a long-acting IV lipoglycopeptide, may be an option for the treatment of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia without requiring long-term IV access. Author Thomas L. Holland, MD, MSc, from Duke University School of Medicine discusses key points of the DOTS randomized clinical trial and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content: Dalbavancin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus BacteremiaManagement of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Prostatitis affects approximately 9.3% of men in their lifetime and includes acute and chronic bacterial infection and nonbacterial chronic prostatitis with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Author Minh N. Pham, MD, from University of North Carolina School of Medicine discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD. Related Content: Prostatitis ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Geroscience aims to define and modify biologic pathways associated with aging and age-related diseases. Author Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD, of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding geroscience, human health, and promising therapies that may slow aging and age-related decline. Related Content: Geroscience ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

New medications for obesity, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are highly effective but can be associated with adverse effects that reduce adherence. Obesity expert and author Robert Kushner, MD, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss a recent JAMA Insights article on managing adverse effects of obesity medications. Related Content: Managing Adverse Effects of Incretin-Based Medications for Obesity ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Author David M. Kent, MD, MS, of Tufts Medical Center and JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discuss how to evaluate the likelihood that a PFO was causal in a patient with a cryptogenic ischemic stroke, and closure of a PFO to lower the incidence of recurrent strokes for affected patients. Related Content: Patent Foramen Ovale and StrokePatent Foramen Ovale and Dysarthria in a Man in His 60sManagement of Patients With a Patent Foramen Ovale With History of Stroke or TIAHeterogeneity of Treatment Effects in an Analysis of Pooled Individual Patient Data From Randomized Trials of Device Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale After StrokeTransesophageal Echocardiogram Detecting a High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Approximately 200 000 people are hospitalized for diverticulitis each year in the US, and the incidence of diverticulitis is increasing, particularly among younger people. Author Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, of the University of Vermont and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diverticulitis. Related Content: DiverticulitisQuality-of-Life and Recurrence Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Elective Sigmoid Resection vs Conservative Treatment Following DiverticulitisRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Locoregional Recurrence Among Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Node-Negative Breast Cancer

A recent Review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer. William Cliby, MD, and John Weroha, MD, PhD, both from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, discuss this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Margaret Wheeler, MD. Related Content: Ovarian CancerEndometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer RiskScreening for Ovarian Cancer

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancers, typically defined as occurring in patients younger than age 50, are increasing worldwide. A recent JAMA Review summarizes current data on early-onset colorectal, pancreatic, and esophagogastric cancers. Coauthor Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS to discuss. Related Content: Early-Onset Gastrointestinal CancersScreening for Helicobacter pylori to Prevent Gastric CancerFirst-Line Sugemalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer

Approximately 40% of men older than 50 have urinary frequency or urgency that affects their quality of life. Author John T. Wei, MD, MS, of the University of Michigan Department of Urology and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss diagnosis and management of these symptoms in older men. Related Content: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men