Hector Vladimir Studios

Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King Junior on January 20, 2025. To me MLK was a hero, moral leader, and a messiah figure. I believe he may be all of these literaly. And he went deep into our past, and current, ills in American society. His teachings, ideas, and thought are relevant today. We are still a very greedy, violent, and racist nation here in the U.S. And can learn much from his published work. The I Have a Dream speech goes far in telling us the America we were, are, and where we may go. But his many other speeches complete the picture of the whole man that he was. Not only his speeches but his interviews, books, and actions; make him a very different, more complete, person; than what he’s portrayed as. I encourage you to read, listen, and see MLK by going deeper than what TV, social media, and school teaches you. Here are a few links to his important speeches. I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King .Jr HD (subtitled) (August 28, 1963) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP4iY1TtS3s The Three Evils of Society (August 31, 1967) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sT9Hjh0cHM

Nissan and Honda are considering a possible merger in the automotive world, which has generated divergent opinions. Carlos Ghosn, former boss of Nissan, has shared his critical opinion about this alliance in an interview with Bloomberg. Ghosn argues that he does not see a pragmatic logic in the agreement, since he considers that there are not many synergies between the two companies. According to him, they are in the same markets, have similar products and very similar brands. Ghosn also believes that Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) is promoting this merger to strengthen the Japanese economy, although Honda does not like the idea. Although he recognizes the influence of METI in Japan, Ghosn does not see an industrial logic behind this alliance and believes that control is prioritized over performance. Ghosn, known for his daring escape from Japan while awaiting trial on financial charges at Nissan, is unsurprisingly critical of the company in his interview. He believes that Nissan's results in recent years are not a good testament to the team's strengths. Although neither Nissan nor Honda have made official statements about the possible merger, the brands have been collaborating for some months. However, Ghosn highlights that a merger would go beyond sharing ideas and would be a challenge for both companies. He points out that Honda is strong in engineering and Nissan takes pride in its own engineering, which would trigger a battle to decide which technologies the new company would adopt. In short, Carlos Ghosn is skeptical of a possible merger between Nissan and Honda, arguing that there are no complementarities between the two companies and that the METI drive is based on economic control rather than performance. In addition, he highlights that the battles related to the merger would focus on the choice of technologies to adopt due to the engineering competencies of both companies. EV New World 2025 Hector Vladimir 2025© https://youtube.com/@evnewsworld?si=Aoj4jJKb5eHaCw2R Source: https://www.motor1.com/news/745186/ghosn-nissan-honda-partnership-desperate-move/

Welcome to EV News World. This channel’s content will be bringing tech- centered news, reviews and information from around the Electric Vehicle world. This content will be free of the hype, and focused on the details that matter: the value, quality, and efficiency of current EV tech. I will bring you unbiased and down-to-earth EV information; highlighting the developments and technologies under the hood of EVs. In other words, here we’ll discuss the things that matter: the EV motor, its power source, and the many features that make EVs safer, more-efficient, smarter, and a better value. Here, I’ll save you the hassle of all the hype found “out there”. I’ll omit the “chatter”, the “flash”, the “looks”; and dive right into the most important details behind each EV. So, “get in, put on your seat belt, and let’s ride!” Let’s get started! Welcome to automotive industry’s biggest story, perhaps of the century. Where a giant international conglomerate, like Nissan, found itself in a dire and potentially deadly financially situation because of many simple foreseeable factors, an­d plainly dumb decisions. Perhaps for the first time in its illustrious and rich 113 year history, this car maker was on the verge of collapse. This is bigger than most news outlets make it, perhaps the first domino that could potentially threaten an entire nation’s financial stability. So, drastic actions are being taken. These are so desperate that only a compliant media and cool and calculated theatrics will may hide its true magnitude. This is a chess battle of titans, and we may be witnessing the endgame. Let’s follow this story carefully, and see where the entire car industry is actually headed. Honda and Nissan have confirmed plans to merge into the world's third largest automaker by sales. This deal is a relief for Nissan, which has been facing financial difficulties due to declining sales in recent years. In addition to Honda and Nissan, Mitsubishi could also be involved in this merger. This partnership is based on a memorandum of understanding signed by the two companies. It is worth mentioning that earlier this year, Honda and Nissan had already signed an agreement for the joint development of electric vehicles and automotive software. Negotiations for this merger will take place over the next six months, with the goal of completion by August 2026. Honda and Nissan representatives have not provided further comment on these merger plans. EV New World 2025 Hector Vladimir 2025© https://youtube.com/@evnewsworld?si=Aoj4jJKb5eHaCw2R Sources: https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63265051/honda-nissan-confirm-merger-plans/ https://apnews.com/article/japan-nissan-honda-evs-foxconn-782913451d6487ed177a3517a9ba5be5

The current technology we have for interstellar space travel is very limited, with slow speeds and outdated rockets. Our fastest rocket, Saturn 5, could only reach speeds of about 25,000 km per hour, which means it would take 188,000 years to reach the closest star system, Alpha-Centauri. Nuclear propulsion, either through fusion or fission, is not yet feasible for interstellar flights. Fission reactors have slow escape velocities and pulse nuclear thrusters have technical challenges to overcome, such as blast recoil and radiation exposure for the crew. Nuclear fusion, if fully developed, holds the most promise for solving these problems. However, currently, we have to make do with the limited technology we have and accept the odds that are stacked against us in interstellar travel. Hector Vladimir 2025©

The vacuum of space presents navigation and habitation challenges for interstellar missions. It takes a lot of energy to slow down, and a livable pressurized atmosphere must be maintained throughout the mission. This is costly, and beyond our current capabilities. Space has much matter in the form of dust, particles, and larger bodies. These can easily collide with any speeding spacecraft, and avoiding such fast-moving bodies is currently impossible. Especially when considering high speeds requirements. The unknown presents any interstellar mission with almost endless concerns, dark energy and dark matter are only the start of these. Hector Vladimir 2025©

Here I discuss NASA's five hazards of space flight and provide my extended layman's commentary along. These hazards include radiation, gravity fields, distance from earth, isolation, and hostile environments. Radiation. The large and severe hazard of radiation. Ionizing radiation is zipping through space unabated and endlessly from the moment we leave the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. It causes all kinds of harm to cells which cause deadly illnesses like cancer. Radiation shielding is an option, but one that is undeveloped and primitive currently. We are yet to build any space craft with radiation shielding adequate for long term space flight. Gravity. Changing and weak gravity fields remain debilitating problems for astronauts. Too much, too little, or shifting gravity harm the human body. The more often and longer the body is exposed to these irregular gravity fields, the more the body decays and vital systems are strained. Artificial gravity or even adequate centrifugal force gravity are undeveloped technologies as of now. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with low gravity, as they may mutate much faster and morph into deadly strains. Isolation. Isolation will likely be inevitable is early deep space missions. Space is vast and distances to other planets are bafflingly large. And, problems of stress, crew health, and crew interactions remain unsolved problems. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with isolation. Communication and many other human factors are also unsolved problems with isolation in space flight. Distance from earth. The distances that humans will need to traverse to go to places like mars and beyond are vast. No human has traveled so far and for so long while isolated in a small spacecraft. Our current propulsion technologies are primitive and wholly inadequate to achieve speeds that would allow for shorter travel times to mars and beyond. Round trip times remain over 24 months at the very least. And, the distance of other celestial bodies are much more. So, our technology would need to leap ahead to shorten these vast travel times or to make the travel less harmful to the human body. Hostile environments. Finally, hostile and confined spaces. That will be very hard to overcome. Our current technology limits the size of any spacecraft. And, rocket power limits us to very small payloads to be lifted into space. This severely curtails the size of any trans mars' ships. Again, bacteria, germs, and disease pose threats to human health in confined spaces. They can evolve rapidly to very harmful strains in the micro-gravity of space. And, confined spaces may bring conflict and unearth many disagreements among the crew. Natural human traits may allow hostility and violence onboard. Hector Vladimir 2024

The Case Of Jonbenet Ramsey – Top suspects – part 2. Discussions on intruder theory suspects on the Jonbenet Ramsey case. Here I discuss why and how John Mark Karr, Chris Wolf, and Linda Hoffmann Phew were considered persons of interest. Hector Vladimir 2025©

Challenges with interstellar travel – Radiation, gravity and temperature. Discussion on the challenges of interstellar travel specifically as it relates to radiation, low gravity, and temperature. Radiation is a major problem to any space crew. Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause diseases and cancer. Low gravity can cause muscle and bone density loss over time. And the extreme low temperature of space requires massive energy and protection. These are challenges, some daunting, others not so much, that stand between us and the stars. Hector Vladimir 2025© https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5foyq8ccjATrgVnt3Gy9KD&feature=shared https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

The vastness of space between Earth and Alpha Centauri poses numerous challenges for space missions. These challenges include the long duration of interstellar travel, extreme crew isolation, and logistical problems such as the supply of fuel, power, and supplies. Alpha Centauri, the closest star system to our own, lies at a distance of 4.37 light-years of travel, which is equivalent to about 276,000 astronomical units (AU) or 2,760 kilometers on a scale of 1 AU = 1 meter. To put this in perspective, the distance between Earth and Alpha Centauri is roughly equal to the distance from New York to Los Angeles. By comparison, the average distance between stars in our galaxy is about 5 light-years. Given these numbers, it is clear that developing successful space missions to Alpha Centauri will require innovative technology and strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the vastness of interstellar space. Hector Vladimir 2025©

This is a layman's discussion about the challenges of interstellar travel. It is being considered as the greatest enterprise of mankind. It is mentioned that they would surpass the efforts of great empires and modern megaprojects. Two methods are proposed to be able to travel to nearby star systems. The first method consists of arriving extremely quickly, limiting the time needed to arrive and minimizing the harmful effects on the crew. However, this method requires advances in technologies and new understandings of the universe. The second method accepts the current state of technology and settles for slow travel times, using current technology and accepting a longer travel time. Overall, this series highlights the complexity, costs, resources and cooperation required to carry out an interstellar program and its ultimate goal, a crewed visit to another star. Hector Vladimir 2025©

Vivir Fuera de la Red en la Ciudad. La comunicación es considerada un derecho humano y no debería ser restringida por ningún gobierno o institución. Es injusto cobrar sumas exorbitantes por utilizar tecnología básica moderna de comunicación, ya que esto margina a las personas comunes y no les permite beneficiarse de la competencia en el mercado para obtener precios más bajos. Además, depender de la ubicación geográfica para poder acceder a servicios de comunicación puede ser peligroso en situaciones de emergencia, ya que los teléfonos públicos de pago son cada vez menos comunes. Los gobiernos y las empresas están aprovechándose de esta necesidad y están dispuestos a explotarla. En resumen, es necesario encontrar formas de evitar los costes excesivos de los servicios de comunicación y garantizar que todos tengan acceso a los medios modernos de comunicación sin ser obligados a pagar cantidades desproporcionadas. Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5Wpx9yCm5Z2eop7fURphqM https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/ Para información solamente. Siempre siga la regulaciones y codigos requeridos por su municipio o autoridad reguladora para toda instalación, modificación, y construcción. Para instalaciónes electricas siga las recomendaciones de la autoridad con jurisdicción.

Living Off the Grid in the City. Communication is considered a human right and should not be restricted by any government or institution. It is unfair to charge exorbitant sums for using modern basic communication technology, as this marginalizes ordinary people and does not allow them to benefit from competition in the market to obtain lower prices. In addition, relying on geographic location to access communication services can be dangerous in emergency situations, as payphones are becoming less common. Governments and companies are taking advantage of this need and are willing to exploit it. In short, it is necessary to find ways to avoid the excessive costs of communication services and to ensure that everyone has access to modern means of communication without being forced to pay disproportionate amounts. Hector Vladimir 2024.

El elévo de los costos del agua y los servicios hídricos se debe a varios factores. En primer lugar, el aumento en el consumo de agua embotellada ha llevado a un incremento generalizado en los precios del agua. Aunque se esperaría que con la mayor demanda y la competencia en el mercado los precios bajaran, esto no ha sucedido. En cambio, el negocio del agua embotellada se ha vuelto muy lucrativo y se destina cada vez más dinero a esta industria. Además, el temor a que el agua del grifo esté contaminada o sucia ha llevado a un mayor uso de agua embotellada y sistemas de filtrado, lo que aumenta aún más los gastos relacionados con el agua. Por último, la creciente privatización de las empresas suministradoras de agua también ha influido en el aumento de los costes. En resumen, los elevados costes del agua y los servicios hídricos son el resultado de la adopción generalizada del agua embotellada, el temor a la contaminación del agua del grifo y la privatización de las suministradoras de agua. Vivir Fuera de la red en la Ciudad Podcast Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5Wpx9yCm5Z2eop7fURphqM https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/ Para información solamente. Siempre siga la regulaciones y codigos requeridos por su municipio o autoridad reguladora para toda instalación, modificación, y construcción. Para instalaciónes electricas siga las recomendaciones de la autoridad con jurisdicción.

The increase in the costs of water and water services is due to several factors. First, the increase in bottled water consumption has led to a general increase in water prices. Although it would be expected that with increased demand and competition in the market, prices would drop, this has not happened. Instead, the bottled water business has become very lucrative and more and more money is being poured into this industry. Additionally, fear that tap water is contaminated or dirty has led to increased use of bottled water and filtration systems, further increasing water-related expenses. Finally, the increasing privatization of water supply companies has also influenced the increase in costs. In summary, the high costs of water and water services are the result of the widespread adoption of bottled water, fear of contamination of tap water and the privatization of water sources. Living Off the Grid in the City Podcast Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/ For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.

Jonbenet Ramsey case - top intruder theory suspects. Michael Helgoth was considered a suspect in the JonBenét Ramsey case for several reasons: ProximityFootprintsMysterious DeathBehaviorDespite these factors, there was no concrete evidence linking Helgoth to the crime, and the Boulder Police Department has not charged him with JonBenét's murder. Gary Oliva was considered a suspect in the JonBenét Ramsey case for several reasons: ProximityObsessionConfessionCriminal HistoryEvidenceDespite these factors, Oliva has never been charged with JonBenét's murder, and the Boulder Police Department has cleared him several times after investigating his alleged confessions. Named indivuals are only theory persons of interest per opinion, and in no way does the author suggest that they are guilty or official investigation suspects. Commentary by Hector Vladimir 2024. Link to Nancy Drew’s Youtube video: The JonBenet Case Case - The Michael Helgoth Connection Redux Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6upa16ru_CyayTLG3dEn1RWpaBhf6eCx https://www.youtube.com/@thenewperiodcr Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

Vivir fuera de la red te permite evitar los altos costes de la vida. Los costes de vivir están directamente relacionados con la energía, los recursos y el tiempo necesarios. Por ejemplo, los precios de la electricidad que se paga a la compañía eléctrica pueden ser excesivos. Muchas veces se paga más de lo necesario por diferentes gastos de la vida, especialmente en energía, vivienda, alimentación y comunicación. Las compañías energéticas promueven un consumo excesivo de energía, lo que lleva a gastar más de lo necesario. Al vivir fuera de la red, no se necesita tanta energía como la empresa eléctrica proporciona y se puede ahorrar dinero al generar energía propia. Además, al no depender del suministro y precios de la compañía eléctrica, se evita la inflación artificial de los precios. En resumen, vivir fuera de la red ofrece la oportunidad de reducir los altos costes asociados con la vida moderna. Vivir Fuera de la red en la Ciudad Podcast Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5Wpx9yCm5Z2eop7fURphqM https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/ Para informacio solamente. Siempre siga la regulaciones y codigos requeridos por su municipio o autoridad reguladora para toda instalación, modificación, y construcción. Para instalaciónes electricas siga las recomendaciones de la autoridad con jurisdicción.

Living off the grid allows you to avoid the high costs of living. The costs of living are directly related to the energy, resources, and time required. For example, the prices of electricity paid to the electricity company may be excessive. Many times you pay more than necessary for different living expenses, especially in energy, housing, food and communication. Energy companies promote excessive energy consumption, which leads to spending more than necessary. By living off the grid, you don't need as much energy as the power company “suggests”, and you can save money by generating your own power. In addition, by not depending on the supply and prices of the electricity company, artificial price inflation is avoided. In short, living off the grid offers the opportunity to reduce the high costs associated with modern life, and brings a suite of other benefits. Living Off the Grid in the City Podcast Hector Vladimir 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/ For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.

Here I read NASA's articles on the five hazards of space flight and provide my layman's commentary along. These hazards include radiation, gravity fields, distance from earth, isolation, and hostile environments. Radiation. The large and severe hazard of radiation. Ionizing radiation is zipping through space unabated and endlessly from the moment we leave the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. It causes all kinds of harm to cells which cause deadly illnesses like cancer. Radiation shielding is an option, but one that is undeveloped and primitive currently. We are yet to build any space craft with radiation shielding adequate for long term space flight. Gravity. Changing and weak gravity fields remain debilitating problems for astronauts. Too much, too little, or shifting gravity harm the human body. The more often and longer the body is exposed to these irregular gravity fields, the more the body decays and vital systems are strained. Artificial gravity or even adequate centrifugal force gravity are undeveloped technologies as of now. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with low gravity, as they may mutate much faster and morph into deadly strains. Isolation. Isolation will likely be inevitable is early deep space missions. Space is vast and distances to other planets are bafflingly large. And, problems of stress, crew health, and crew interactions remain unsolved problems. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with isolation. Communication and many other human factors are also unsolved problems with isolation in space flight. Distance from earth. The distances that humans will need to traverse to go to places like mars and beyond are vast. No human has traveled so far and for so long while isolated in a small spacecraft. Our current propulsion technologies are primitive and wholly inadequate to achieve speeds that would allow for shorter travel times to mars and beyond. Round trip times remain over 24 months at the very least. And, the distance of other celestial bodies are much more. So, our technology would need to leap ahead to shorten these vast travel times or to make the travel less harmful to the human body. Hostile environments. Finally, hostile and confined spaces. That will be very hard to overcome. Our current technology limits the size of any spacecraft. And, rocket power limits us to very small payloads to be lifted into space. This severely curtails the size of any trans mars' ships. Again, bacteria, germs, and disease pose threats to human health in confined spaces. They can evolve rapidly to very harmful strains in the micro-gravity of space. And, confined spaces may bring conflict and unearth many disagreements among the crew. Natural human traits may allow hostility and violence onboard. Hector Vladimir 2024

Here I read NASA's articles on the five hazards of space flight and provide my layman's commentary along. These hazards include radiation, gravity fields, distance from earth, isolation, and hostile environments. Radiation. The large and severe hazard of radiation. Ionizing radiation is zipping through space unabated and endlessly from the moment we leave the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. It causes all kinds of harm to cells which cause deadly illnesses like cancer. Radiation shielding is an option, but one that is undeveloped and primitive currently. We are yet to build any space craft with radiation shielding adequate for long term space flight. Gravity. Changing and weak gravity fields remain debilitating problems for astronauts. Too much, too little, or shifting gravity harm the human body. The more often and longer the body is exposed to these irregular gravity fields, the more the body decays and vital systems are strained. Artificial gravity or even adequate centrifugal force gravity are undeveloped technologies as of now. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with low gravity, as they may mutate much faster and morph into deadly strains. Isolation. Isolation will likely be inevitable is early deep space missions. Space is vast and distances to other planets are bafflingly large. And, problems of stress, crew health, and crew interactions remain unsolved problems. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with isolation. Communication and many other human factors are also unsolved problems with isolation in space flight. Distance from earth. The distances that humans will need to traverse to go to places like mars and beyond are vast. No human has traveled so far and for so long while isolated in a small spacecraft. Our current propulsion technologies are primitive and wholly inadequate to achieve speeds that would allow for shorter travel times to mars and beyond. Round trip times remain over 24 months at the very least. And, the distance of other celestial bodies are much more. So, our technology would need to leap ahead to shorten these vast travel times or to make the travel less harmful to the human body. Hostile environments. Finally, hostile and confined spaces. That will be very hard to overcome. Our current technology limits the size of any spacecraft. And, rocket power limits us to very small payloads to be lifted into space. This severely curtails the size of any trans mars' ships. Again, bacteria, germs, and disease pose threats to human health in confined spaces. They can evolve rapidly to very harmful strains in the micro-gravity of space. And, confined spaces may bring conflict and unearth many disagreements among the crew. Natural human traits may allow hostility and violence onboard. Hector Vladimir 2024

Here I explore NASA’s five hazards of space flight. Radiation, gravity fields, distance from earth, isolation, and hostile environments. Radiation. The large and severe hazard of radiation. Ionizing radiation is zipping through space unabated and endlessly from the moment we leave the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. It causes all kinds of harm to cells which cause deadly illnesses like cancer. Radiation shielding is an option, but one that is undeveloped and primitive currently. We are yet to build any space craft with radiation shielding adequate for long term space flight. Gravity. Changing and weak gravity fields remain debilitating problems for astronauts. Too much, too little, or shifting gravity harm the human body. The more often and longer the body is exposed to these irregular gravity fields, the more the body decays and vital systems are strained. Artificial gravity or even adequate centrifugal force gravity are undeveloped technologies as of now. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with low gravity, as they may mutate much faster and morph into deadly strains. Isolation. Isolation will likely be inevitable is early deep space missions. Space is vast and distances to other planets are bafflingly large. And, problems of stress, crew health, and crew interactions remain unsolved problems. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with isolation. Communication and many other human factors are also unsolved problems with isolation in space flight. Distance from earth. The distances that humans will need to traverse to go to places like mars and beyond are vast. No human has traveled so far and for so long while isolated in a small spacecraft. Our current propulsion technologies are primitive and wholly inadequate to achieve speeds that would allow for shorter travel times to mars and beyond. Round trip times remain over 24 months at the very least. And, the distance of other celestial bodies are much more. So, our technology would need to leap ahead to shorten these vast travel times or to make the travel less harmful to the human body. Hostile environments. Finally, hostile and confined spaces. That will be very hard to overcome. Our current technology limits the size of any spacecraft. And, rocket power limits us to very small payloads to be lifted into space. This severely curtails the size of any trans mars' ships. Again, bacteria, germs, and disease pose threats to human health in confined spaces. They can evolve rapidly to very harmful strains in the micro-gravity of space. And, confined spaces may bring conflict and unearth many disagreements among the crew. Natural human traits may allow hostility and violence onboard. Hector Vladimir 2024