SciShow Tangents

We do a lot of learning on Tangents, so naturally, we've got questions about what learning looks like...for machines! AI and machine learning science communicator Jordan Harrod (https://www.youtube.com/@jordanharrod) lends her expertise to this episode as we definitely for sure learn all there is to know and will ever need to be known about machine learning, algorithms, and AI. Definitely we got all of it, everyone. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express] Racoon-inspired algorithm https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8552661 Dolphin-inspired algorithm Pelican-inspired algorithm [Trivia Question] Using machine learning to measure plant vibration and sounds when they experience stress https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/plants-make-noises-when-stressed-study-finds-180981920/ [Fact Off] Lenna (an image of a Playboy model) used as the standard for digital image processing https://www.404media.co/lena-test-image-ieee-policy/ Tricking speech recognition systems with “neural voice camouflage” https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/news/block-smartphone-microphone-speech-recognition-spying https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/16.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.07076.pdf https://www.vox.com/2018/7/20/17594074/phone-spying-wiretap-microphone-smartphone-northeastern-dave-choffnes-christo-wilson-kara-swisher https://gizmodo.com/these-academics-spent-the-last-year-testing-whether-you-1826961188 [Ask the Science Couch] AI image generator mistakes (hands, feet, teeth) and how they work (diffusion models) https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/why-ai-generated-hands-are-the-stuff-of-nightmares-explained-by-a-scientist https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/ai-generated-art-hands-fingers-messed-up https://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativity https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/sohl-dickstein15.pdf [Butt One More Thing] Training machine learning models (convolutional neural networks) to classify poop images https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.10578.pdf https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2022/07000/a_smartphone_application_using_artificial.24.aspx https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275399/ Anal Recognition Paper https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0534-9

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Hygiene and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

Devotees of the testudines rejoice! Whether you have one as a pet, admire them at the zoo, or giggle with the rest of the internet when they rock each other off logs, chances are high, we think, that you like turtles. We like turtles! And conveniently for us, turtle science is also extremely cool, so this was basically an ideal episode to make. Enjoy! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail] Fossilized turtle poop showing green algae feast site https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995472 https://www.science.org/content/article/sea-turtles-have-3000-year-old-routines Crushing of fossilized turtle shells shows burial site age https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/science/turtle-shells-fossils-paleontology.html https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/18/5/1524/616297/Crushed-turtle-shells-Proxies-for-lithification Turtle fossil was actually a plant fossil https://www.livescience.com/animals/120-million-year-old-plants-turn-out-to-be-ultra-rare-fossilized-baby-turtles [Trivia Question] Speed of a sand-digging robot modeled after a turtle hatchling https://today.ucsd.edu/story/bot-inspired-by-baby-turtles-can-swim-under-the-sand-1 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202200404 [Fact Off] Chinese soft-shelled turtles (basically) pee out their mouths https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/21/3723/19178/The-Chinese-soft-shelled-turtle-Pelodiscus https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121011090643.htm https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aohc/63/2/63_2_181/_article https://theconversation.com/no-overwintering-turtles-dont-breathe-through-their-butts-getting-to-the-bottom-of-a-popular-misconception-224331 Microplastics in sand mess with sea turtle sex ratios https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230623210244.htm#:~:text=Warmer%20temperatures%20are%20known%20to,before%20their%20sex%20is%20set. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html#:~:text=This%20is%20called%20temperature%2Ddependent,the%20hatchlings%20will%20be%20female. [Ask the Science Couch] Turtle communication and vocalization https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24553 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14356-3 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33741-8 https://gizmodo.com/jurassic-parks-dinosaur-sound-effects-were-actually-ani-5994278 https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/01/06/turtles-eat-south-america/ [Butt One More Thing] Collecting loggerhead sea turtle fecal samples by making them custom swimsuits https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2015/10/sea-turtles-don-swimsuits-science Pictures: https://www.flickr.com/photos/37175871@N06/albums/72157659326105212/

A wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Big vs. Small and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

From expressing ourselves through fashion to protecting ourselves from the elements, textiles seem to be self-evidently significant to the human experience. But it's our goal on Tangents to always poke holes in the obvious, tear through distraction, and weave humor with knowledge - and the facts this episode will blow your cotton-poly blend socks off. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express] Fabric shoe sole tariff https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/business/economy/columbia-sportswear-trump-trade-war.html https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45875405 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-is-why-your-converse-sneakers-have-felt-on-the-bottom-6016648/ Water-soluble fiber to prove original Finnish textile https://www.perniaspopupshop.com/encyclopedia/karnataka/mysore-silk https://www.ksicsilk.com/Home/About https://news.mit.edu/2023/fiber-barcodes-can-make-clothing-labels-that-last-0321 Wool Acts: burial shroud requirements https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/england-wool-burial-shrouds https://nursingclio.org/2020/05/21/weaving-wool-into-death-burial-in-17th-century-england/ https://www.hungerfordvirtualmuseum.co.uk/?view=article&id=961&catid=10 [Trivia Question] “Cappers Act” of 1571 in England required males to wear woolen caps https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81552 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-the-flat-cap-1926708.html https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O124661/cap/cap-unknown/?print=1 [Fact Off] Indigenous Aymara weavers and pediatric cardiologists co-created a medical textile for congenital heart defects https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2674640 https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/video-player/16238899 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329454/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3379209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470160/ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cardiac-catheterization https://www.ted.com/talks/franz_freudenthal_a_new_way_to_heal_hearts_without_surgery/transcript Creating experimental antimicrobial underwear for astronauts or space laundry machines https://www.livescience.com/astronauts-shared-underwear-upgrade.html https://www.cnet.com/science/astronauts-share-spacesuit-underwear-but-keeping-it-clean-is-a-challenge/ https://phys.org/news/2021-05-spacesuit-underwear.html https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/07/space_age_underwear_that_can_b.html https://www.iflscience.com/space-laundry-how-will-astronauts-keep-their-underwear-clean-on-the-moon-70058 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-teams-tide-do-laundry-space-180978067/ https://apnews.com/article/laundry-wash-clothes-space-station-nasa-5a7f2795150f7dce81581cfb82cdd1f7 [Ask the Science Couch] History of knitting machines https://invention.si.edu/knitting-stockings-machine http://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/people/frameworkknitters.htm Crochet vs. knit stitches https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jecATRwHQP8 https://akaspar.pages.cba.mit.edu/textiles-recitation/background.html Crocheting hyperbolic space models https://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/math-imagery/taimina https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/16/wertheim_henderson_taimina.php https://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/oe1e.html [Butt One More Thing] Art...

It may be well-known that hope is the thing with feathers, but how much is known about feathers themselves? Turns out, plenty! From shrub grouses to shuttlecocks and all the pea-babies (diminutive for peacocks, definitely for sure) in between, come soar on the delightfully complex wings of knowledge with us! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail] Dermestid beetles on dino feather in amber https://www.science.org/content/article/feathered-dinosaurs-discovered https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986124 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lice-filled-dinosaur-feathers-found-trapped-100-million-year-old-amber-180973727/ https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/dermestid-beetles-feasted-on-dinosaur-feathers Badminton shuttlecock dino-birdie https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dinosaurs-ancient-fossils/liaoning-diorama/a-feathered-tyrant https://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/fact-sheets/dilong-paradoxus/ https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030468 Roboduck with dino feathers https://www.audubon.org/news/new-aquatic-dinosaur-find-strange-and-startling-avian-hodgepodge https://www.newscientist.com/article/2414147-dinosaurs-evolved-feathers-to-scare-prey-suggests-robot-experiment/ https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/02/robo-dinosaur-scares-grasshoppers-to-shed-light-on-why-dinos-evolved-feathers/ [Trivia Question] Speed of peacock tail feather shaking to signal interest to mates https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152759 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207247 https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/12/peacock-crests-are-vibration-sensors/578656/ https://gizmodo.com/the-physics-of-peacock-tail-feathers-is-even-more-dazzl-1772653586 [Fact Off] Turning waste chicken feathers into a flavorless, edible meat paste https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat?time=latest https://phys.org/news/2017-09-bird-feathers-food.html https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9055668&fileOId=9055675 https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/lund-team-turns-chicken-feathers-into-food/ https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/chicken-feathers-can-help-generate-clean-energy-say-researchers/2-1-1539841?zephr_sso_ott=oZW4Dr Male sandgrouse belly feathers soak up water to carry back to their babies https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2022.0878 https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/69/4/323/5229138 https://ebird.org/species/namsan1 [Ask the Science Couch] Feather growth and development (and altricial vs. precocial baby birds) https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380223/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917565/ [Butt One More Thing] Fright molt: losing tail feathers as an antipredator adaptation https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/17/6/1046/319763

Trash, rubbish, waste, refuse...we have a lot of words for the gunk that goes on the truck, because whether we like it or not, humans make a lot of garbage. Get comfy with some grossness as we root around in garbage's past, present, and future. We're all on a path, you guys! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen Garbage [The Scientific Definition] Neptune balls Laser broom Wishcycling [Trivia Question] Eugene Poubelle garbage can ordinance in France https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/Mag/French-Facts/Dustbins-are-named-after-French-recycling-innovator https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poubelle https://doodles.google/doodle/eugene-poubelles-190th-birthday/ [Fact Off] Sulfur-crested cockatoos opening garbage cans because of social learning https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe7808 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963482 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01285-4 Hermit crabs are using plastic trash as shells https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723075885 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hermit-crabs-using-trash-as-shells-across-the-world-scientists-find-180983701/ [Ask the Science Couch] Waste-to-energy methods: power plants/incineration, gasification, landfill gas, anaerobic digestion https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617317316?via%3Dihub https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.php https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090119500090 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5530419 https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2804 https://www.epa.gov/agstar/how-does-anaerobic-digestion-work [Butt One More Thing] Poop composition of gull flocks that eat garbage from landfills https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541730489X?via%3Dihub https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/558545

Oops, all science this episode! Erstwhile editorial assistant Deboki Chakravarti steps in for erstwhile everyman Sam Schultz as we parse through fundamental puzzles about humanity: what makes us, us, and if it is hormones, does that make us cocktails or cauldrons? SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen Hormones [Truth or Fail] https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/trust-hormone-oxytocin-helps-old-muscle-work-new-study-finds [Trivia Question] Hormone-injected Judas goats to kill invasive species in Project Isabella https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092746/ https://modernfarmer.com/2013/09/killing-goats-galapagos/ [Fact Off] Bones make osteocalcin, which might be a hormone involved in stress reactions https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30441-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335246/ https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008361 https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008714 Chrononutrition and breast milk hormones training babies’ circadian rhythms [Ask the Science Couch] Hormones (vs. neurotransmitters) and how they affect emotions Serotonin https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545168/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864293/ Testosterone https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318213001333?via%3Dihub https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12867 Estrogen https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753111/ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210086 Thyroid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612998/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378512215006064 Puberty in general https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192018/ https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/umurj/article/id/1383/ [Butt One More Thing] Golden spiny mice poop hormones show that they've evolved to be nocturnal (even though they can be diurnal) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023446

It's the long-awaited cheese-stravaganza! And it's every bit as melty, crumbly, stretchy, and stinky as hoped for. We dip into some fetamology, we stretch our nokkeledge of cheese applications, and we unwrap the shocking tartrutho about a cheese we thought we knew!* *The real cheese names I butchered into puns: feta, nokkelost, tartuffo. All delicious, go try some! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [The Scientific Definition] Cornish Yarg’s rind Pule animal milk Emmental cheese surroundings [Trivia Question] One of the oldest unopened cans of Cougar Gold cheese https://archive.news.wsu.edu/news/2010/08/14/oldest-cougar-gold-cracked-open-still-tasty/ https://creamery.wsu.edu/about-us/history/ [Fact Off] Using cheese to study the neuroscience of disgust because it’s not dangerous/unethical https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065955/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/disgust https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687907/ Environmental remediation in Emeryville, CA using cottage cheese whey [Ask the Science Couch] “Addictive” qualities of cheese (contextualizing casomorphin and the endogenous opioid system) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117959 https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/b/bovine-beta-casomorphin-7.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345738/ https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231r https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486734/ [Butt One More Thing] Cheese mites are pests but also delicacies in Mimolette and Milbenkäse https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210003644 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-016-0040-7 https://microbialfoods.org/microbe-guide-cheese-mites/

The question plaguing us this episode is, how dark can it really get? Turns out (according to some), not that dark! Unless you're at the bottom of the ocean or floating in the all too-eerie void of deep space, you're always gonna have some photons hitting your face. (I'm pretty sure I accidentally stole this rhyme right out of Hank's poem, but you'll just have to listen to know for sure...) SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [The Gauntlet] Next December 23rd winter solstice SOLAR spacecraft went down Reorientation of sun instrument 23.5°S latitude alternate name Tapetum lucidum color Hormone in darkness Famous winter solstice sunlight site [Trivia Question] Last December 23rd winter solstice https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html [Fact Off] Carrots can help you make rhodopsin but not improve night vision https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-dark https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-really-help-you-see-in-the-dark https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484191/ https://www.livescience.com/carrots-see-in-the-dark.html https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/ Dogs are more likely to steal food disobediently when it’s dark https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130211090840.htm https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/persons/juliane-kaminski/publications/ [Butt One More Thing] English words for excrement collectors (gong farmer, night soil men) https://www.oed.com/dictionary/night-soil_n?tab=etymology https://www.oed.com/dictionary/gong-farmer_n?tab=meaning_and_use#992848879 https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/when-american-cities-were-full-of-crap https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/1351/705

In this not-so-chill episode, everybody gets a little unsettled by the concepts around refrigeration. Quantum computers, thermoacoustics, molecular chemistry, elephants, the phantom letter "d" that gets added to the shortening of refrigeration...it's all just. So much. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [This or That: Fridge or Not Fridge] Ballpoint-pen-sized device with twisted nickel-titanium and water Credit-card-sized device plugged into your phone with lithium bromide Two large metal balls with ammonia and water [Trivia Question] Frigidaire had an elephant stand on their refrigerator as a strength test https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/75945/15-icy-cool-facts-about-refrigeration https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=STP19390511.2.109&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------ [Fact Off] Dilution refrigeration and ultra-cold LEGOs https://nanoscience.oxinst.com/assets/uploads/NanoScience/Brochures/Principles%20of%20dilution%20refrigeration_Sept15.pdf https://twist.phys.virginia.edu/work/Formal_Paper.pdf https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/the-coolest-lego-in-the-universe https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55616-7#Fig1 https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a30337510/lego-bricks-heat-tolerance-quantum-computer/ Thermoacoustic refrigeration and the James Webb Space Telescope [Ask the Science Couch] Freezer smells and dehydration/oxidation affecting food taste https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/science-freezing-foods https://extension.psu.edu/understanding-the-process-of-freezing https://theconversation.com/heres-why-your-freezer-smells-so-bad-and-what-you-can-do-about-it-203058 https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/removing-odors-refrigerators-and [Butt One More Thing] USB drive found in volunteer-collected frozen leopard seal poop https://niwa.co.nz/news/they-were-defrosting-leopard-seal-pooyou-wont-believe-what-happened-next https://www.leopardseals.org/scat-poo-collection/

Do you hear what I hear? Probably not, because in this episode, we're bringing things down several notches to learn about quiet. Does it have a scientific definition? Is it all just relative? Should crickets have podcasts? Join us as we (ok, maybe not so) quietly contemplate quiet. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail] Larval reef fish bury their heads in the sand to reduce noise Quieter Bison bulls get more mates Dolphins quiet their clicks to ambush each other [Trivia Question] Loudness of lead singer in Billboard Hot 100 from 1946-2020 https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jel/article/3/4/043201/2885300/Lead-vocal-level-in-recordings-of-popular-music https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986837 [Fact Off] Water-based sound suppression systems for rocket launches https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/142/4_Supplement/2489/603382/Sixty-years-of-launch-vehicle-acoustics https://www.nas.nasa.gov/SC15/demos/demo10.html https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/space-launch-systems-sound-suppression-system-final-test-at-kennedy/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X23003528 Small tree crickets use leaves to amplify their chirps [Ask the Science Couch] Quietest period in history of the Earth (of all time & anthropocene) https://www.curtin.edu.au/news/media-release/earths-mid-life-crisis-new-research-backs-lull-geologic-record/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-017-0051-y https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000506?via%3Dihub https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/07/23/1005574/lockdown-was-the-longest-period-of-quiet-in-human-history/ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd2438 [Butt One More Thing] Unplanned 9/11 study shows whale poop stress levels associated with ship noise https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/unplanned-911-analysis-links-noise-whale-stress/2012/02/14/gIQAmQnlPR_story.html https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.2429

Oil: it's a ubiquitous substance humans have been relying on for longer than you might think. We cook with it, we moisturize with it, we run machines with it - it keeps slipping into places we least expect to find it, for good and for ill... SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [The Gauntlet] Original Crisco oil plant Company that produces Crisco Process to turn liquid oil into solid Fair Packaging and Labeling Act decade Upton Sinclair book Two oils in modern Crisco Kream Krisp vs. Crisco [Trivia Question] Value of Spanish extra virgin olive oil stolen in August 2023 https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/19/olive-oil-prices-surge-over-100percent-leading-to-cooking-oil-thefts.html https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-police-seize-74-tonnes-stolen-olives-amid-soaring-prices-2023-10-06/ [Fact Off] Russell Martin Bliss contaminated Times Beach, Missouri with waste oil to stop dust Using human/animal hair to adsorb oil spills https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/7/52 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343715000330 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980424032349.htm https://time.com/6262631/philippines-oil-spill-cleanup-hair/ [Ask the Science Couch] Saturated/unsaturated fat chemistry and how they influence bloodstream lipids https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/03%3A_Biological_Macromolecules/3.03%3A_Lipid_Molecules_-_Introduction# https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/how-its-made-cholesterol-production-in-your-body https://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000871 [Butt One More Thing] Mineral oil used as a lubricant laxative https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/laxative-oral-route/before-using/drg-20070683?p=1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804525/

What's that you spy on the horizon, just out of sight? If you have a telescope handy, you can hone your gaze on...more telescopes! From pocket spyglasses to Extremely Large (a real telescope name), join us and special guest Julian Huguet as we set our sights on the far-reaching world of these incredible devices. How we wonder what they are... SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail] Finding llamas with telescope vibration Predicting weather with telescopes and clouds Tracking bees with LIDAR [Trivia Question] Space Telescope Transporter for Air, Road, and Sea (or STTARS) length https://www.nasa.gov/universe/how-to-ship-the-worlds-largest-space-telescope-5800-miles-across-the-ocean/ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/follow-the-sttars-to-find-nasas-webb-telescope/ [Fact Off] Artificial guide stars made from lasers for optical telescopes on Earth https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/811748 https://www.llnl.gov/news/guide-star-leads-sharper-astronomical-images https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aot-2014-0025/html https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&data_type=PDF_HIGH Gravitational lensing and turning space itself into a telescope [Ask the Science Couch] The history of radio telescopes (first non-optical telescope) https://massivesci.com/articles/radio-astronomy-sagittarius-karl-jansky/ https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2005ASPC..345....3J https://public.nrao.edu/news/silent-as-the-night-why-radio-astronomy-doesnt-listen-to-the-sky https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves/ [Butt One More Thing] Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) & Gamma-Ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO) https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...900...35T/abstract https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-047A

Click here to check out the limited-time-only Tangents t-shirt inspired by this episode! https://store.dftba.com/products/shirt-of-the-month-shrimp-battery Batteries are all around us, in things we use all the time, and in all different shapes and sizes, so of course we know exactly how they all work, right? Nope! Not even close! The bizarre breadth of our battery banter includes Ben Franklin, tiny computers, and...shrimp? SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question] Oxford Electric Bell battery lifespan https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52147/what%E2%80%99s-world%E2%80%99s-longest-running-science-experiment https://archwww.physics.ox.ac.uk/history/Exhibit1.html https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mystery-continuously-functioning-battery-1840-180954028/ https://x.com/UniofOxford/status/1610593348464640001?s=20 [Fact Off] Edible battery for sustainability (and maybe child safety) https://academic.oup.com/jimb/article/45/5/313/5996662 https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/05/researchers-craft-a-fully-edible-battery/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919977/ https://www.popsci.com/technology/edible-battery-prototype/ https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/ear-nose-and-throat/what-to-do-if-your-child-swallows-or-ingests-a-button-battery/#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20about%202%2C500%20kids,stomach%2C%20it%20can%20be%20fatal. https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/08/31/491947946/how-an-edible-battery-could-power-medical-robots-you-swallow Platypus electroreception study using batteries https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3945317/ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-12-vw-18644-story.html https://www.jstor.org/stable/56002?typeAccessWorkflow=login https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/10/1447/8186/Electroreception-in-monotremes [Ask the Science Couch] Grid-scale storage with batteries https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storage https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/74426.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122001368 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304437 https://www.science.org/content/article/new-generation-flow-batteries-could-eventually-sustain-grid-powered-sun-and-wind https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032113005418?via%3Dihub https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rechargeable-molten-salt-battery-freezes-energy-in-place-for-long-term-storage/ [Butt One More Thing] Microbial battery with exoelectrogens and poop water https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1307327110 https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/19/4747532/scientists-use-poop-to-generate-electricity

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared! And so we close the ancient, flesh-bound spell book on another Trick or Treat Month... but we're going out on top, baby! Alexis Nikole Nelson has appeared, as if by magic, to lead us into the deep, dark woods and point out all the slimy, sticky, gross stuff on the ground that she says we can eat. I guess I trust her! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [This or That] Round 1 - Blue glowing slime https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/tube-worm-slime-displays-long-lasting-self-powered-glow https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103273/ Round 2 - Eating parents’ slime https://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-023-00243-x https://www.wired.co.uk/article/caecilians-limbless-amphibian-skin-feeding-young-cloaca https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101029104603.htm https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pmic.200500591 Round 3 - Snottites https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246232/ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/see-the-ugly-beauty-that-lives-in-a-toxic-cave Round 4 - Mating plug https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/218/9/1410/14572/Size-dependence-in-non-sperm-ejaculate-production https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005596707591 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1564092/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22689 [Trivia Tiebreaker] Hagfish slime on road https://www.southernfriedscience.com/your-car-has-just-been-crushed-by-hagfish-frequently-asked-questions/ [Ask the Science Couch] Slime molds and biocomputers https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/physarum-polycephalum https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55749-9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755296/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-014-0156-3 https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23713-slime-mould-could-make-memristors-for-biocomputers/ https://techhq.com/2023/04/biocomputers-an-alternative-to-quantum-computing/ [Butt One More Thing] Bird nestling fecal sac / mucus membrane https://www.audubon.org/news/what-are-fecal-sacs-bird-diapers-basically https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.00353

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared! Our yearly cavalcade of terror rolls on with a new Grand Marshall of Terror: podcaster, author, and mad genius Dan Schreiber! And he's here to tell us about the weirdest, creepiest, most otherworldly theories ever devised of! There are lots of science-y ideas out there, and not all of them can be right, after all! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question] The Classification of Quasithin Groups page number https://www.livescience.com/33628-funny-physics-theorems-names.html https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-race-to-rescue-the-enormous-theorem-before-its-giant-proof-vanishes/ https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Classification_of_Quasithin_Groups.html?id=KC0ZAQAAIAAJ https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20893-prize-awarded-for-largest-mathematical-proof/ [Fact Off] Infinite monkey theorem test in a zoo https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PATENTS-IN-AN-ERA-OF-INFINITE-MONKEYS-AND-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE.pdf https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2013/12/10/249726951/the-infinite-monkey-theorem-comes-to-life http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3013959.stm https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/may/09/science.arts Nostradamus: predictions & jam & benzoic acid [Ask the Science Couch] Theory of mind & false belief tests https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629913/ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/does-the-chimpanzee-have-a-theory-of-mind/1E96B02CD9850016B7C93BC6D2FEF1D0 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-18540-002 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_91 [Butt One More Thing] Freudian developmental theory & the anal stage https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared! This year's ghastly Grand Guignol of science and screams begins at the end: the tomb! And we dug up an old friend, Dimension 20's Siobhan Thompson, to guide us deep into the cursed catacombs of knowledge! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Visit HENSONSHAVING.com/TANGENTS to pick the razor for you and use code TANGENTS and you’ll get two years' worth of blades free! A big part of being a human is that you get progressively more gross as the day goes on. Various parts start stinking, hair grows all over your face, you're touching who-knows-what... luckily for all of us, someone a long time ago decided to invent hygiene! Otherwise we'd have to lick ourselves like cats! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Definition] History of hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542893/ [Trivia Question] Pelagic thresher sharks visit blue-streaked cleaner wrasse stations https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0014755 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/sharks-rays-and-climate-change-impacts-habitat-prey-distribution-and-health [Fact Off] Bronze Age ivory lice comb with Canaanite language https://jjar.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/jjar/files/jjar2_art4_lachish_p76-119_2022-10-12_01.pdf https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/4000-year-old-head-lice-comb-found-inscribed-with-phrase-using-the-alphabet https://www.sciencenews.org/article/canaanite-comb-lice-israel-alphabet Tampon Task Force & menstrual hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436965/ https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/28788/_9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYXUQDzSg4o&feature=youtu.be https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2023/07/03/bmjsrh-2023-201895 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/997629 [Ask the Science Couch] Antiperspirant aluminum compounds - how they work & are they harmful https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i27/Deodorants-Antiperspirants.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813027/ https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/features/antiperspirant-facts-safety https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-advertisers-convinced-americans-they-smelled-bad-12552404/ [Butt One More Thing] Mandrills teach their children hygienic behaviors to avoid peri-anal parasites https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.2349 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/979546

Sam's out this week, but worry not: he found another Sam to replace him! Sam Jones, host of the podcast Tiny Matters that is! Sam and her co-host, our own Deboki Chakravarti, join Ceri and Hank in our first ever team-based episode of Tangents! Two teams enter, one team leaves! What more Tiny Matters? Check out the podcast here: https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters.html! And check out Deboki at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki , and Sam at https://twitter.com/samjscience SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail Express] Project Gasbuggy https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/22/archives/project-gasbuggy-and-catch85-thats-krypton85-one-of-the-radioactive.html https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,899941,00.html https://books.google.com/books?id=g9QDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22project+gasbuggy%22&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=%22project%20gasbuggy%22&f=false Operation Big Itch https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13623699908409460 https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/biological/bigitch.pdf Operation North Pole (Project Cirrus) https://www.ge.com/news/reports/cool-science-vonnegut-ge-research https://alachuacounty.us/Depts/epd/EPAC/General%20Electric%20History%20Of%20Project%20Cirrus%20July%201952%20ORIGINAL.pdf Brilliant Pebbles https://www.llnl.gov/archives/1980s/brilliant-pebbles https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth/ https://highfrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Brilliant-Pebbles-Baucom.pdf [Ask the Science Couch] Smallest organisms: ultramicrobacteria and Candidate Phyla Radiation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9297842/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026261712040054 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243725/ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsme2/16/2/16_2_67/_article https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7372 https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/02/27/ultra-small-bacteria/ [Butt One More Thing] Big-bottomed ants (Atta laevigata / hormiga culona) https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/big-bottomed-ants-hormigas-culonas https://books.google.com/books?id=NebIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT187&lpg=PT187 https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/da-tradurreformica-culona/