COMPLEXITY

Guest: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Fundamentals of Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceEducationARC PrizeBooks: Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking HumansComplexity: A Guided Tour Talks: The Future of Artificial IntelligenceIntroduction: AI and the Barrier of Meaning 2Conceptual Abstraction and Analogy in Natural and Artificial IntelligencePapers & Articles: Sciencedoi: 10.1126/science.adt6140arXivdoi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.08955Proceedings of the LLM-CP Workshop, AAAI 2024arXivdoi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.09247PNASdoi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215907120doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.07141

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Melanie Mitchell Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Fundamentals of Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceEducationDiverse Intelligences Summer InstituteBooks: Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking HumansTalks: How do we know what an animal understandsThe Future of Artificial IntelligencePapers & Articles: Biology Letters doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0370PNASdoi.org/10.1073/pnas.22187991Using the senses in animal communicationA New Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Adoi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0041arXivdoi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.02171Science: 10.1126/science.adj59

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Melanie Mitchell Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Fundamentals of Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceEducationBooks: Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking HumansTalks: Why "Self-Generated Learning” May Be More Radical and Consequential Than First AppearsChildren’s Early Language Learning: An Inspiration for Social AIThe Future of Artificial IntelligencePapers & Articles: Curriculum Learning With Infant Egocentric VideosThe Infant’s Visual World The Everyday Statistics for Visual Learningdoi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00713-5doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.012doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00211-xAuxiliary task demands mask the capabilities of smaller language modelsdoi.org/10.1111/cogs.13448

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Melanie Mitchell Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Fundamentals of Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceEducationBooks: Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans The Technological SingularityEmbodiment and the inner life: Cognition and Consciousness in the Space of Possible MindsSolving the Frame ProblemSearch, Inference and Dependencies in Artificial IntelligenceTalks: The Future of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence: A brief introduction to AIPapers & Articles: A Conversation With Bing’s Chatbot Left Me Deeply UnsettledAnnual Review of Developmental Psychology Volume 2doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-08483310.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.264Naturedoi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06647-8doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.08399Talking about Large Language Modelsdoi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.12422

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Melanie Mitchell Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Fundamentals of Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceEducation Books: Talks: The Future of Artificial IntelligenceThe language system in the human brain: Parallels & Differences with LLMs Papers & Articles: Dissociating language and thought in large language modelsTrends in Cognitive ScienceNature Reviews Neuroscience doi.org/10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.13257Cerebral Cortex doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac505lingbuzz/007180Nature Reviews Psychology doi.org/10.1038/s44159-024-00283-3The American Journal of Psychology doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.131.1.0112Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0137Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Human Communication: Origins, Mechanisms, and Functionsdoi.org/10.1002/9781119684527.ch6Journal of Vision doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.13.13Appeals to ‘Theory of Mind’ no longer explain much in language evolutionTrends in Cognitive Sciences doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.08.005Behavioral and Brain Sciencesdoi:10.1017/S0140525X23001814doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.03466

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Melanie Mitchell Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Podcast logo by Nicholas Graham Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Complexity Explorer: Tutorial: Fundamentals of Machine Learning Lecture: Artificial Intelligence SFI programs: Education Books: Talks: The Future of Artificial IntelligenceImitation Versus Innovation: What Children Can Do That Large Langauge Models’ Can’tThe Minds of Children What Understanding Adds to Cambrian Intelligence: A TaxonomyPapers & Articles: Why you can’t make a computer that feels painPerspectives on Psychological Science doi.org/10.1177/17456916231201401Empowerment as Causal Learning, Causal Learning as Empowerment: A bridge between Bayesian causal hypothesis testing and reinforcement learning“What can AI Learn from Human Exploration? Intrinsically-Motivated Humans and Agents in Open-World ExplorationTwo views on the cognitive brainNature Reviews Neuroscience Vol 22 Philosophical Psychology doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2019.1607281Representation in Cognitive Science by Nicholas Shea: But Is It Thinking? The Philosophy of Representation Meets Systems Neuroscience

Right now, AI is having a moment — and it’s not the first time grand predictions about the potential of machines are being made. But, what does it really mean to say something like ChatGPT is “intelligent”? What exactly is intelligence? In this season of the Complexity podcast, The Nature of Intelligence, we'll explore this question through conversations with cognitive and neuroscientists, animal cognition researchers, and AI experts in six episodes. Together, we'll investigate the complexities of human intelligence, how it compares to that of other species, and where AI fits in. We'll dive into the relationship between language and thought, examine AI's limitations, and ask: Could machines ever truly be like us?

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Additional sound credits: Digifish music; “Determination of Azimuth,” written by Heather Graham, staged at the Baltimore Rock Opera Society Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: Apply for the 2024 Complexity Global School at Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia SFI programs: Education Origins of Life: Introduction| Chris Kempesfull playlistOrigins of LifeVideos: Asteroids, Agnostic Biosignatures, & Experimental Rock Opera with Dr. Heather GrahamHeather Graham on Katherine JohnsonPapers & Articles: doi.org/10.1111/maps.14111doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.06.565904doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.29.564608hou.usra.edu/meetings/lifeonmars2019/pdf/5047.pdfDetecting life on Earth and the limits of analogychemrxiv.org/engage/api-gateway/chemrxiv/assets/orp/resource/item/60c751e59abda27c1af8dce4/original/identifying-molecules-as-biosignatures-with-assembly-theory-and-mass-spectrometry.pdfdoi.org/10.3390/life11060498link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11538-021-00877-5

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Additional sound credits: Digifishmusic, Trundlefly, Greenvwbeetle, Miksmusic, Brewlabboffin Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: SFI programs: Education Complexity Explorer: Origins of Life: The Multiple Origins of Life - Part 1 | David KrakauerOrigins of Life: The Multiple Origins of Life - Part 2 | David KrakauerOrigins of Life: The Multiple Origins of Life - Part 3 | David KrakauerOrigins of Life: The Multiple Origins of Life - Part 4 | David KrakauerComplexity Explorer Lecture: David Krakauer • What is Complexity?Books: Talks: The Many Worlds of Quantum MechanicsPapers & Articles: doi.org/10.1007/s00239-021-10016-2

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: SFI programs: Education Complexity Explorer: Fractals and Scaling Fractals and Scaling: Toward a Theory of Urban Scaling Introduction to Complexity: Ant Foraging and Task Allocation Talks: Toward a Scientific Theory of CitiesPapers & Articles: GECCO’13: Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation doi.org/10.1145/2463372.2463389In vivo, in silico, in machina: Ants and Robots balance memory and communication to collectively exploit informationProceedings of the European Conference on Complex Systems 2012arXiv doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.0211343 Visions for Complexity, Exploring Complexity: Volume 3doi.org/10.1142/9789813206854_0043

Guests: Hosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Other music: Craig Smith, Justkiddink, MaestroALF, ComputerHotline, James Ro Davidson, SoundEnsemble, Trundlefly, Geoff Bremner, Newagesgroup, Oddmonoliths, Thepla Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky More info: SFI programs: Education Complexity Explorer: Origins of Life: Astrobiology & General Theories for Life - Scaling with Pablo Marquet Books: ScaleScaling BiodiversityHow Landscapes Change: Human Disturbance and Ecosystem Fragmentation in the AmericasTalks: Better Forecasting our Ecological Future: Taming Big Data with Big TheoryPapers & Articles: Nature Communicationsdoi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44321-9Science Advances: 10.1126/sciadv.adi79PPG: Earth and Environmentdoi.org/10.1177/03091333231189045PNASdoi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119Frontiers of Biogeography doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG53774Advances in Ecological Researchdoi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.02.001PNASdoi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812294106

Guests: Ricard SoléSara WalkerHosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music by: Mitch Mignano Other music: Matucha, Kijjaz, Klankbeeld, Aesterial-Arts, Dijifishmusic, Greenvwbeetle, Odilon Marcenaro, Jobro, Benboncan, Bone666138, Aiwha, Josh Berry, Rubenvvuuren, and Miksmusic Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky SFI programs: Origins of LifeEducationBooks & Films: FrankensteinThe Computer and the BrainSigns of lifeTalks: Liquid and Solid Brains: Mapping the Cognition Space Evolving Brains: Solid, Liquid and SyntheticA Universal Theory of Life: Math, Art & InformationPapers & Articles: Naturedoi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06600-9Time is an objectAeon, Journal of the Royal Society Interface doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0869doi.org/10.3390/e24050665doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0018

Guests: Vijay BalasubramanianGeoffrey WestHosts: Abha Eli Phoboo & Chris Kempes Producer: Katherine Moncure Podcast theme music: Mitch Mignano Other Music: Blue Dot Sessions, Pink House Music, Eardeer, and Craig Smith. Follow us on: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn • Bluesky SFI programs: Complexity Global School Fractals & ScalingEducationBooks & Stories: Tell Me WhyScaleTalks: How the Brain Makes You: Collective Intelligence and Computation by Neural CircuitsThe Future of the Planet: Life, Growth and Death in Organisms, Cities and CompaniesEnergy, Scaling & The Future of Life on EarthComplex Time Working Group: “What is Sleep?” Papers: PNASdoi.org/10.1073/pnas.210702211biorxivScience Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0398Frontiers in Ecology and Evolutiondoi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00242

Trailer for Complexity: Physics of Life, from the Santa Fe Institute

Episode Title and Show Notes: 106 - Michael Garfield & David Krakauer on Evolution, Information, and Jurassic Park Welcome to Complexity, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I'm Michael Garfield, producer of this show and host for the last 105 episodes. Since October, 2019, we have brought you with us for far ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. Today I step down and depart from SFI with one final appearance as the guest of this episode. Our guest host is SFI President David Krakauer, he and I will braid together with nine other conversations from the archives in a retrospective masterclass on how this podcast traced the contours of complexity. We'll look back on episodes with David, Brian Arthur, Geoffrey West, Doyne Farmer, Deborah Gordon, Tyler Marghetis, Simon DeDeo, Caleb Scharf, and Alison Gopnik to thread some of the show's key themes through into windmills and white whales, SFI pursues, and my own life's persistent greatest questions. We'll ask about the implications of a world transformed by science and technology by deeper understanding and prediction and the ever-present knock-on consequences. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify and consider making a donation or finding other ways to engage with SFI at Santa fe.edu/engage. Thank you each and all for listening. It's been a pleasure and an honor to take you offroad with us over these last years. Follow SFI on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn 📚Reading & Videos: The Lost World by Michael Crichton Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton The Evolution of Syntactic Communication by Martin Nowak, Joshua Plotkin, and Vincent Jansen InterPlanetary Festival 2018 + SFI Science Explainer Animations by SFI Complexity Economics by SFI Press Supertheories and Consilience from Alchemy to Electromagnetism by Simon DeDeo (2019 SFI Seminar) How To Live in The Future, Part 4: The Future is Exapted/Remixed by Michael Garfield Artists Misusing Technology by NXT Museum The Collapse of Artificial Intelligence by Melanie Mitchell (2019 SFI Symposium Talk) The Debate Over Understanding in AI's Large Language Models by Melanie Mitchell & David Krakauer Welcome To Jurassic Park by Tink Zorg (re: COVID-19 and the collapse of supply chains) Smarter Parts Make Collective Systems Too Stubborn by Jordana Cepelewicz at Quanta Magazine (re: Albert Kao) Coarse-graining as a downward causation mechanism by Jessica Flack Argument Making In The Wild by Simon DeDeo (SFI Seminar re: egregores) The Collective Computation of Reality in Nature and Society by Jessica Flack (SFI Community Lecture re: “hourglass emergence”) Interaction-based evolution: how natural selection and nonrandom mutation work together by Adi Livnat In The Country of The Blind (_Afterword: An Introduction to Cliology) by Michael Flynn An exchange of letters on the role of noise in collective intelligence by Daniel Kahneman, David Krakauer, Olivier Sibony, Cass Sunstein, David Wolpert Murray Gell-Mann - Information overload. A crude look at the whole (180/200) (re: the challenges of funding truly innovative research) The work of art in the age of biocybernetic reproduction by W.J.T. Mitchell Ken Wilber Intelligence as a planetary scale process by Adam Frank, David Grinspoon, and Sara Walker Light & Magic (documentary series) on Disney+ Palantir Analytics The Lord of The Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now by Douglas Rushkoff Michael Levin Robustness of variance and autocorrelation as indicators of critical slowing down by Vasilis Dakos, Egbert H van Nes, Paolo D’Odorico, Marten Scheffer The Singularity in Our Past Light-Cone by Cosma Shalizi 🎧Podcasts: Complexity Podcast 001 - David Krakauer on The Landscape...

One way of looking at the world reveals it as an interference pattern of dynamic, ever-changing links — relationships that grow and break in nested groups of multilayer networks. Identity can be defined by informational exchange between one cluster of relationships and any other. A kind of music starts to make itself apparent in the avalanche of data and new analytical approaches that a century of innovation has availed us. But just as with new music genres, it requires a trained ear to attune to unfamiliar order…what can we learn from network science and related general, abstract mathematical approaches to discovering this order in a flood of numbers? Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I’m your host, Michael Garfield, and in every episode we bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. This week we speak with SFI External Professor, UCLA mathematician Mason Porter (UCLA Website, Twitter, Google Scholar, Wikipedia), about his research on community detection in networks and the topology of data — going deep into a varied toolkit of approaches that help scientists disclose deep structures in the massive data-sets produced by modern life. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us — at santafe.edu/engage. I know it comes as a surprise, but this is our penultimate episode. Please stay tuned for one more show in May when SFI President David Krakauer and I will reflect on major themes and highlights from the last three-and-a-half years, and look forward to what I’ll be doing next! It’s been an honor and a pleasure to bring complex systems science to you in this way, and hope we stay in touch. I won’t be hard to find. Thank you for listening. Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano. Follow us on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn Mentioned & Related Media: Bounded Confidence Models of Opinion Dynamics on Networks SFI Seminar by Mason Porter (live Twitter coverage & YouTube stream recording) Communities in Networks by Mason Porter, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, & Peter Mucha Social Structure of Facebook Networks by Amanda Traud, Peter Mucha, & Mason Porter Critical Truths About Power Laws by Michael Stumpf & Mason Porter The topology of data by Mason Porter, Michelle Feng, & Eleni Katifori Complex networks with complex weights by Lucas Böttcher & Mason A. Porter A Bounded-Confidence Model of Opinion Dynamics on Hypergraphs by Abigail Hicock, Yacoub Kureh, Heather Z. Brooks, Michelle Feng, & Mason Porter A multilayer network model of the coevolution of the spread of a disease and competing opinions by Kaiyan Peng, Zheng Lu, Vanessa Lin, Michael Lindstrom, Christian Parkinson, Chuntian Wang, Andrea Bertozzi, & Mason Porter Social network analysis for social neuroscientists Elisa C Baek, Mason A Porter, & Carolyn Parkinson Community structure in social and biological networks by Michelle Girvan & Mark Newman The information theory of individuality by David Krakauer, Nils Bertschinger, Eckehard Olbrich, Jessica C Flack, Nihat Ay Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility by Raj Chetty, Matthew O. Jackson, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert B. Fluegge, Sara Gong, Federico Gonzalez, Armelle Grondin, Matthew Jacob, Drew Johnston, Martin Koenen, Eduardo Laguna-Muggenburg, Florian Mudekereza, Tom Rutter, Nicolaj Thor, Wilbur Townsend, Ruby Zhang, Mike Bailey, Pablo Barberá, Monica Bhole & Nils Wernerfelt Hierarchical structure and the prediction of missing links in networks by Aaron Clauset, Cristopher Moore, M.E.J. Newman Gregory Bateson (Wikipedia) Complexity Ep. 99 - Alison Gopnik on Child Development, Elderhood,...

For centuries, Medieval life in Europe meant a world determined and prescribed by church and royalty. The social sphere was very much a pyramid, and everybody had to answer to and fit within the schemes of those on top. And then, on wings of reason, Modern selves emerged to scrutinize these systems and at great cost swap them for others that more evenly distribute power and authority. Cosmic forces preordained one’s role within a transcendental order…but then, across quick decades of upheaval, philosophy and politics started celebrating self-determination and free will. Art and science blossomed as they wove together. Nothing was ever the same. Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I’m your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we’ll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. This week we engage with returning guest, New York Times best-selling author of seven books and SFI Miller Scholar Andrea Wulf, about her latest lovingly-detailed long work, Magnificent Rebels: The First Romantics and The Invention of The Self. In this episode we explore the conditions for an 18th century revolution in philosophy, science, literature, and lifestyle springing from Jena, Germany. Over just a few years, an extraordinary confluence of history-making figures such as Goethe, Schelling, Schlegel, Hegel, and Novalis helped rewrite what was possible for human thought and action. Admist a landscape of political revolt, this braid of brilliant friends and enemies and lovers altered what it means to be a self and how the modern self relates to everything it isn’t, inspiring later British and American Romantic movements. Arguing for art and the imagination in the work of science and infusing art with reason, Jena’s rebels of the mind lived bold, iconoclastic lives that seem 200 years ahead in retrospect. We stand to learn a great deal from a careful look at Jena and the first Romantics…maybe even how to replicate their great successes and avoid their self-implosion in the face of social turbulence. If you value our research and communication efforts, Please subscribe to Complexity Podcast wherever you prefer to listen, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts, and/or consider making a donation at santafe.edu/podcastgive. You can find numerous other ways to engage with us at santafe.edu/engage — in particular, you may wish to celebrate ten years of free online courses at Complexity Explorer with SFI Professor Cris Moore’s Computation in Complex Systems, starting March 28th. Learn more in the show notes…and thank you for listening! Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano. Follow us on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn Related Reading & Listening: Episode 60 - Andrea Wulf on The Invention of Nature, Part 1: Humboldt's Naturegemälde Episode 61 - Andrea Wulf on The Invention of Nature, Part 2: Humboldt's Dangerous Idea The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World by Andrea Wulf Magnificent Rebels: The First Romantics and The Invention of The Self by Andrea Wulf Common As Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership by Lewis Hyde Episode 37 - The Art & Science of Resilience in the Wake of Trauma with Laurence Gonzales “Nature” (1844) by Ralph Waldo Emerson Chopin’s Preludes Finnegans Wake by James Joyce InterPlanetary Voyager (Interactive Golden Record Liner Notes) by SFI’s InterPlanetary Festival Blue Planet (BBC) with David Attenborough

How do we get a handle on complex systems thinking? What are the implications of this science for philosophy, and where does philosophical tradition foreshadow findings from the scientific frontier? Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I’m your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we’ll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. In this episode we speak with Carlos Gershenson (UNAM website, Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Twitter), SFI Sabbatical Visitor and professor of computer science at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, where he leads the Self-organizing Systems Lab, among many other titles you can find in our show notes. For the next hour, we’ll discuss his decades of research and writing on a vast array of core complex systems concepts and their intersections with both Western and Eastern philosophical traditions — a first for this podcast. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us — at santafe.edu/engage. For HD virtual backgrounds of the SFI campus to use on video calls and a chance to win a signed copy of one of our books from the SFI Press, please help us improve our scicomm by completing a survey linked in the show notes. Or just a copy of the recently resurfaced SFI Press Archival Volume Complexity, Entropy, and The Physics of Information. There’s still time to apply for the Complexity GAINS UK program for PhD students – apps close March 15th. Or come work for us! We are on the lookout for a new Digital Media Specialist, an Applied Complexity Fellow in Sustainability, a Research Assistant in Emergent Political Economies, and a Payroll, Accounts Payable & Receivable Specialist. You can also join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode. Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano. Follow us on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn Mentioned & Related Links: Carlos publishes the Complexity Digest Newsletter. His SFI Seminars to date: A Brief History of Balance Emergence, (Self)Organization, and Complexity Criticality: A Balance Between Robustness and Adaptability Festina lente (the slower-is-faster effect) Antifragility: Dynamical Balance W. Ross Ashby & The Law of Requisite Variety Hyperobjects by Timothy Morton How can we think the complex? by Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen The Implications of Interactions for Science and Philosophy by Carlos Gershenson Complexity and Philosophy by Francis Heylighen, Paul Cilliers, Carlos Gershenson Heterogeneity extends criticality by Fernanda Sánchez-Puig, Octavio Zapata, Omar K, Pineda, Gerardo Iñiguez, and Carlos Gershenson When Can we Call a System Self-organizing? by Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen Temporal, Structural, and Functional Heterogeneities Extend Criticality and Antifragility in Random Boolean Networks by Amahury Jafet López-Díaz, Fernanda Sánchez-Puig, and Carlos Gershenson When slower is faster by Carlos Gershenson, Dirk Helbing Self-organization leads to supraoptimal performance in public transportation systems by Carlos Gershenson Dynamics of ranking by Gerardo Iñiguez, Carlos Pineda, Carlos Gershenson, & Albert-László Barabási Self-Organizing Traffic Lights by Carlos Gershenson Dynamic competition and resource partitioning during the early life of two widespread, abundant and ecologically similar fishes by A. D. Nunn, L. H. Vickers, K. Mazik, J. D. Bolland, G. Peirson, S. N. Axford, A. Henshaw & I. G. Cowx Towards a general theory of balance by Carlos Gershenson A Calculus for Self-Reference by Francisco Varela On Some Mental Effects of The Earthquake by William James Self-Organization Leads to Supraoptimal...

And now for something completely different! Last October, The Santa Fe Institute held its third InterPlanetary Festival at SITE Santa Fe, celebrating the immensely long time horizon, deep scientific and philosophical questions, psychological challenges, and engineering problems involved in humankind’s Great Work to extend its understanding and presence into outer space. For our third edition, we turned our attention to visionary projects living generations will likely not live to see completed — interstellar travel, off-world cities, radical new ways of understanding spacetime — as an invitation to engage in science as not merely interesting but deeply fun. For our first panel, we decided to inquire: What is time, really? How has science fiction changed the way we track and measure, speak about, and live in time? And how do physics and complex systems science pose and answer these most fundamental questions? Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I’m your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we’ll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. In this week’s episode, we share the Complex Conceptions of Time panel from InterPlanetary Festival 2022, moderated by SFI President David Krakauer and featuring an all-star trinity of panelists: science journalist James Gleick, sci-fi author and SFI Miller Scholar Ted Chiang, and physicist and SFI Professor David Wolpert. In this hour, we play with and dissect some favorite metaphors for time, unroll the history of time’s mathematization, review time travel in science fiction, and examine the arguments between free will and determinism. Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com — as well as the extensive, interactive web-based “Voyager Golden Record Liner Notes” with links to not only all of the panels from IPFest 2022 but also copious additional resources, including contributor bios, peer-reviewed publications, science fiction and nonfiction science writing, and more… If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us — at santafe.edu/engage. If you’d like some HD virtual backgrounds of the SFI campus to use on video calls and a chance to win a signed copy of one of our books from the SFI Press, help us improve our science communication by completing a survey about our various scicomm channels. Thanks for your time! Lastly, we have a bevy of summer programs coming up! Join us June 19-23 for Collective Intelligence: Foundations + Radical Ideas, a first-ever event open to both academics and professionals, with sessions on adaptive matter, animal groups, brains, AI, teams, and more. Space is limited! The application deadline has been extended to March 1st. OR apply to the Graduate Workshop on Complexity in Social Science. OR the Complexity GAINS UK program for PhD students. (OR check our open listings for a staff or research job!) Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode. Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano. Episode cover art by Michael Garfield with the help of Midjourney. Follow us on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn (SOME) Mentioned & Related Links: David Krakauer Mathematical languages shape our understanding of time in physics by Nicolas Gisin Does Time Really Flow? New Clues Come From a Century-Old Approach to Math by Natalie Wolchover The Principle of Least Action Path Integral Formulation Closed Timelike Curve The Time Machine by H. G. Wells Kip Thorne James Gleick Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman The Physicist and The Philosopher by Jimena Canales Ted Chiang “Story of Your...

There are maps, and there are territories, and humans frequently confuse the two. No matter how insistently this point has been made by cognitive neuroscience, epistemology, economics, and a score of other disciplines, one common human error is to act as if we know what we should measure, and that what we measure is what matters. But what we value doesn’t even always have a metric. And even reasonable proxies can distort our understanding of and behavior in the world we want to navigate. Even carefully collected biometric data can occlude the other factors that determine health, or can oversimplify a nuanced conversation on the plural and contextual dimensions of health, transforming goals like functional fitness into something easier to quantify but far less useful. This philosophical conundrum magnifies when we consider governance at scales beyond those at which Homo sapiens evolved to grasp intuitively: What should we count to wisely operate a nation-state? How do we practice social science in a way that can inform new, smarter species of political economy? And how can we escape the seductive but false clarity of systems that rain information but do not enhance collective wisdom? Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I’m your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we’ll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe. This week on the show we talk to SFI External Professor Paul Smaldino at UC Merced and University of Utah Professor of Philosophy C. Thi Nguyen. In this episode we talk about value capture and legibility, viewpoint diversity, issues that plague big governments, and expert identification problems…and map the challenges “ahead of us” as SFI continues as the hub of a five-year international research collaboration into emergent political economies. (Find links to all previous episodes in this sub-series in the notes below.) Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us — at santafe.edu/engage. If you’d like some HD virtual backgrounds of the SFI campus to use on video calls and a chance to win a signed copy of one of our books from the SFI Press, help us improve our science communication by completing a survey about our various scicomm channels. Thanks for your time! Lastly, we have a bevy of summer programs coming up! Join us June 19-23 for Collective Intelligence: Foundations + Radical Ideas, a first-ever event open to both academics and professionals, with sessions on adaptive matter, animal groups, brains, AI, teams, and more. Space is limited! The application deadline has been extended to March 1st. OR apply to the Graduate Workshop on Complexity in Social Science. OR the Complex ity GAINS UK program for PhD students. (OR check our open listings for a staff or research job!) Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode. Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano. Follow us on social media: Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn Mentioned & Related Links: Transparency Is Surveillance by C. Thi Nguyen The Seductions of Clarity by C. Thi Nguyen The Natural Selection of Bad Science by Paul Smaldino and Richard McElreath Maintaining transient diversity is a general principle for improving collective problem solving by Paul Smaldino, Cody Moser, Alejandro Pérez Velilla, Mikkel Werling The Division of Cognitive Labor by Philip Kitcher The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in The Natural Sciences by Eugene Wigner On Crashing The Barrier of Meaning in A.I. by Melanie Mitchell Seeing Like A State by James C. Scott Jim...