CannMed Coffee Talk

Tim Lefever is the Director of Discovery at Nalu Bio. He is an experienced Director with a demonstrated history of 20+ years of preclinical in vivo research and leading effective teams at organizations such as Canopy Growth and Research Triangle Institute. He has authored or co-authored numerous manuscripts and presented research findings at a variety of scientific conferences over the past 20 years. At CannMed 24, Tim will present "Characterization of Less Studied Cannabis Phytochemicals” which investigates the pharmacological, physicochemical, and basic toxicological characteristics of cannabis phytochemicals. During our conversation, we discuss: How Tim and his team choose which phytochemicals to study What makes the varin cannabinoids particularly interesting The difference between chemically derived compounds vs plant-derived compounds Which phytochemicals show the most promise Modifying phytochemicals to improve their effectiveness Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Brains Bioceutical Brains Bioceutical is a global leader in EU-GMP-certified production of naturally-sourced active pharmaceutical ingredients for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. With a unique suite of licences, Brains Bioceutical is one of the only natural plant-based phytochemical API manufacturers in commercial production today, and is involved in academic and clinical trials across the globe. Learn more at brainsbioceutical.com Additional Resources nalubio.com Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Dr. Kimberly Gwinn is a Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology at the University of Tennessee. Her lab currently investigates natural products that are produced by plants and microbes and their uses as medicines and as bio-pesticides. At CannMed 24 she will present Hemp Processing by-products as Biopesticides which describes her team’s work using terpene-rich industrial hemp by-products to control plant diseases and pests. We discuss: Why terpenes are effective biopesticides Which pathogens and pests terepene-rich biopesticide can fight What are nanaemulsions and why they are important in this application How this technology can open up a new revenue stream for growers The regulatory lift for getting biopesticides approved and more Thanks to this episode’s Sponsor: Rare Earth Genomics. Rare Earth Genomics is a dynamic partnership formed with Texas A&M AgriLife, one of the world’s leading research institutions, to accelerate hemp research and create tools for farmers. Their mission is to increase the likelihood of a successful harvest for farmers through genetic analysis and rigorous environmental testing of vigorous cultivars. learn more at rareearchgenomics.com Additional Resources Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Megan Mbengue is the revolutionary force behind Trusted Canna Nurse. Recognizing a gap between elderly patients and cannabis, Megan sought to provide that demographic with the extra hand-holding and guidance they need to have the best possible experience. With over a decade of nursing experience in diverse fields like oncology, labor delivery, and hospice care, she brings a unique perspective to her practice. At CannMed 24 Megan will be participating in a Cannabis Nursing Panel and presenting a poster titled “Microdosing Psilocybin for Cannabis Dependency: A Nurse Led Intervention” During our conversation, we discuss: The important role nurses play in cannabis medicine How brands can tap into the expertise cannabis nurses have How psilocybin can be used to treat addictive behavior The results from Trusted Canna Nurses 6-week beta for using psilocybin to treat cannabis dependency and more Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Trusted Canna Nurse Trusted Canna Nurse was founded by Megan Mbengue and Ariane Williams, two nurses who are dedicated to bridging the gap between traditional medicine and the world of cannabis and psychedelics. They specialize in creating evidence-based treatment plans for all ages that address chronic illnesses, treatment-resistant conditions, mental health, autism, and more. Learn more at trustedcannanurse.com Additional Resources Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

TJ Martin is the VP of R&D at Abstrax, a company that specializes in the research, development, and production of botanically derived and cannabis-inspired terpenes. TJ and his team recently published a paper that identified several non-terpenoid compounds that are responsible for the unique aromas associated with exotic cannabis varieties, including the berry, tropical, candy, and fruity notes found in Zkittlez and Gelato as well as the rich, intense, chemical scents found in GMO. This research opens up a new world of aromatic compounds and challenges the idea of classifying cultivars based on terpenes alone. We discuss: How cannabis aroma affects consumer and patient experience The variety of aromas the cannabis plant can produce and how it compares to other plants Define exotic cannabis varieties and compare them to more prototypical cultivars Why terpenes alone do not tell the entire aroma story in exotic cannabis varieties How to communicate information about non-terpeninoid compounds to consumers and patients in a meaningful way Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Agilent Technologies Whether you manufacture or test cannabis, you face the challenge of delivering high-quality products, increasing sample volume, and meeting emerging regulations. Agilent offers best-in-class cannabis and hemp analysis solutions featuring robust instruments, software, services, and consumables. Their team of experts can develop, implement, and optimize methods to get you up and running quickly. Learn more at agilent.com Additional Resources Minor, Nonterpenoid Volatile Compounds Drive the Aroma Differences of Exotic Cannabis Abstraxtech.com [Podcast] Discovering New Aromatic Compounds in Cannabis with TJ Martin Cannasulfur Compounds: A New Class of Secondary Metabolites Discovered in Cannabis Cannabis Aroma Predicts User Experience with Adie Rae, PhD The Nose Knows: Aroma, but Not THC Mediates the Subjective Effects of Smoked and Vaporized Cannabis Flower Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Dr. Dustin Sulak is a traditional osteopathic physician and expert in integrative medicine. His clinical practice in Maine focuses on treating refractory conditions in adults and children. Dr. Sulak is an internationally-renowned expert in medical cannabis, the author of Handbook of Cannabis for Clinicians: Principles and Practice, and co-founder of Healer, a medical cannabis education resource and products company. He serves on the board of directors of The Society of Cannabis Clinicians and is a passionate educator and leader in the medical cannabis field. Dustin is also a true CannMed veteran, having participated in every CannMed event dating back to our first conference at Harvard Medical School. He returns to CannMed 24 this year as one of the medical practicum instructors and an oral presenter, presenting “The Art and Science of Combining Cannabinoids for Treatment Success” * We discuss: What attendees can expect from CannMed Medical Practicum The expansion of avialble cannabinoids and how Dustin evaluates new options Which Cannabinoid Dustin would choose if he could only use one to treat patients The difference between acidic and neutral forms of cannabinoids The process for combining cannabinoids Challenging old assumptions about the benefits of combining CBD and THC Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Healer Healer is a trusted, physician-developed medical cannabis brand founded to address the challenges of helping patients and health providers get the best results with safe, reliably dosable products and education on how to best use them. Healer’s distinctive product formulations and educational material are based on the work of leading cannabis clinician, Dr. Dustin Sulak, D.O. Learn More at healer.com Additional Resources Healer.com Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Dr. Ethan Russo is a board-certified neurologist, psychopharmacologist, and Founder/CEO of CReDO Science. He is an internationally recognized authority on cannabis medicine. He has authored/edited seven books and has published more than 60 peer-reviewed articles. He also holds director/advisor positions with several cannabis therapeutics companies, and he was instrumental in developing Sativex® for pain and MS, and Epidiolex® for intractable epilepsy while at GW Pharmaceuticals. At CannMed 24, Ethan will present “Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Unraveling the Gordian Knot”. CHS is an enigmatic condition where some chronic, heavy users of THC develop a cyclic pattern of vomiting and nausea that is only relieved by hot bathing and topical capsaicin. Ethan and his coinvestigators surveyed more than 500 cannabis users, including 205 diagnosed CHS patients, and investigated genetic mutations in 28 CHS patients and 12 controls to identify behaviors and genetic markers that could indicate CHS risk. During our conversation, we discuss: What is CHS and who does it affect Why cases of CHS appear to be on the rise Possible genetic markers that could indicate CHS susceptibility Steps cannabis users can take to prevent developing CHS Why some people in the cannabis community don’t believe CHS is a real thing and more Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Cannabis Nurses Network Established in 2015, the Cannabis Nurses Network™ is a professional nursing and professional development organization for nurses around the globe. By educating nurses on the science behind the plant and providing a global nursing network, nurses are supported and empowered to implement their knowledge within their community. Learn more at cannabisnursesnetwork.com Additional Resources what-is-chs.com ethanrusso.org CReDO-science.com Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Survey and Genomic Investigation Unraveling the Mystery of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome - CannMed 2019 Panel Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Akeem Gardner is the Founder and CEO of Canurta. He is an innovative entrepreneur with over five years of experience in industrial hemp enterprises. He has a proven track record in leading high-performance teams that work across multi-channel platforms and strategically aligning profitability with sustainability and economic development in Ontario. At CannMed 24 Akeem will present Effect of Cannflavins on Mitigating a Motor Neuron Disease. During our conversation we discuss: The minor molecules found in cannabis that Canurta is investigating for therapeutics Canurta’s process for evaluating indications for cannflavins and polyphenols How the diverse molecules in cannabis make it a great therapeutic for multifactoral diseases like ALS The potential for cannflavins and polyphenols may be used as a anti-inflammatory nutraceutical and more Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: American Cannabis Nurses Association ACNA is a national nursing organization whose mission is to advance excellence in cannabis nursing practice through advocacy, collaboration, education, research, and policy development. Founded in 2010, ACNA continues to work on providing its members with up-to-date cannabis information and resources to care for patients who use cannabis. Join them today at cannabisnurses.org and be a part of the change. Additional Resources Akeem on LinkedIn - Email Akeem at Akeem@Canurta.com Canurta Journal Page Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Kevin McKernan is the Chief Scientific Officer and Founder of Medicinal Genomics. Kevin has pioneered the genomics of cannabis and hemp to build a stronger scientific environment for the study of cannabis based therapeutics and blockchain technologies for tracking and verifying cannabis genetics. At CannMed 24 he will present “Understanding the Prevalence and Risks Associated with Endotoxins on Cannabis Flower”, which will include novel research he did to measure the level of endotoxins in store-bought cannabis flower. Our conversation covers: What inspired Kevin to look into endotoxin levels on cannabis Which microbes produce endotoxins How endotoxins affect humans Whether remediation techniques mask endotoxin risks and more Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Agilent Technologies. Whether you manufacture or test cannabis, you face the challenge of delivering high-quality products, increasing sample volume, and meeting emerging regulations. Agilent offers best-in-class cannabis and hemp analysis solutions featuring robust instruments, software, services, and consumables. Their team of experts can develop, implement, and optimize methods to get you up and running quickly. Learn more at agilent.com Additional Resources High levels of endotoxins in commercial cannabis flower [Pre-Print] Total Yeast and Mold - A Comparison Study - Jini Glaros [CannMed 23 Presentation] What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don’t Want to Miss It Register for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

David Traylor is Senior Managing Director at Golden Eagle Partners, and organizer of the CannMed 24 Capital Markets Workshop. After advising on various transactions in the life science sector, David took an interest in the cannabis sector and started advising cannabis companies before eventually re-foundeding Golden Eagle Partners in 2014 to focus on advising companies across the cannabis sector. Before Golden Eagle Partners, David served at leading investment banking firms including Pacific Growth Equities, Caris & Company, and Headwaters MB. During his banking tenures he has advised private and public biotechnology and medical device companies in various transactions including IPOs, public offerings, private offerings, mergers and acquisitions totaling over $500 million in value. David and Golden Eagle Partners will host a Capital Markets Workshop at CannMed 24 which will explore a global perspective of the hurdles, issues, and concepts around funding cannabinoid and cannabis innovation. During our conversation we discuss: What attendees can expect from the Capital Markets Workshop Redefining the cannabis nomenclature The likelihood the DEA will reschuelde cannabis this year Pharma’s growing interest in cannabis-derived compounds Challenges cannabis innovators face when raising capital Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Golden Eagle Partners Golden Eagle Partners are transactional experts, specializing in mergers, acquisitions, reverse mergers, financings and incremental transactions such as licensing, joint ventures and co-development arrangements. Their combined experience in the early stages of the cannabis and life science sectors allows them to confidently close strategic and financing transactions that match the near- and long-term goals of their clients. Learn more at goldeneaglepartners.com Additional Resources Reclassifying Cannabis: What The HHS Recommendation Means For The Cannabis Market [Benzinga Podcast] David Traylor on LinkedIn Register for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Bonni Goldstein is one of the country’s most respected and experienced medical cannabis physicians, having treated thousands of patients with medical cannabis. She is the owner and medical director of Canna-Centers Wellness & Education. She is Clinical Advisor to Cannformatics, and she is the author of the book titled “Cannabis is Medicine: How Medical Cannabis and CBD Are Healing Everything from Anxiety to Chronic Pain”. Bonni has participated in every CannMed event since we started in 2016, she is a perennial Advisory Board Member, and she will lead the CannMed Medical practicum again in 2024. During our conversation we talked about: What attendees can expect from CannMed Medical Practicum New research that she is excited about concerning THCA and CBDA Her method for customizing cannabinoid formulations for her patients The many barriers preventing patients from using cannabis How the cannabinoid medicine options have expanded over the last decade The difficulty of keeping up with the cannabis medicine literature Thank You to This Episode's Sponsor: The DENT Institute With more than 300,000 patient visits per year, the DENT Neurologic Institute ranks among the largest neuroscience centers in North America. Its 24 subspecialty clinics often treat the most challenging neurologic conditions including but not limited to Migraine, Chronic pain, ALS, MS, Parkinson’s, Dementia, and Neuro-Oncology. With their mission of advancing neuroscience, the Dent Institute established a cannabis clinic in 2016 to aid in the treatment of these chronic conditions seen throughout the institute. Learn more at dentinstitute.com Additional Resources Cannabis is Medicine by Bonni Goldstein, MD [Book] @bonnigoldsteinmd on Instagram Bonni Goldstein, MD on LinkedIn Request an Invitation to CannMed 23 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group] Healthcare Provider Medical Cannabis Research Study

Dr. Patricia DiCiano is a scientist with the Institute for Mental Health and Policy Research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). She is also an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto. Patricia has a multi-disciplinary background and her general research area is clinical trials and regulated studies into the safety of cannabis and other substances of abuse. Earlier this year, she co-authored a study that evaluated the utility of THC cutoff levels in blood and saliva for the detection of impaired driving. During our conversation, we discussed: The different allowable limits for THC levels in drivers The relationship between THC levels and impaired driving The best fluid to test for THC impairment The additive effects of combining alcohol and cannabis on driving impairment The differences in how alcohol and cannabis affect driving performance Thanks to this episode’s sponsor: Trusted Canna Nurse Trusted Canna Nurse was founded by Megan Mbengue and Ariane Williams, two nurses who are dedicated to bridging the gap between traditional medicine and the world of cannabis and psychedelics. They specialize in creating evidence-based treatment plans for all ages that address chronic illnesses, treatment-resistant conditions, mental health, autism, and more. Learn more at trustedcannanurse.com Additional Resources The Utility of THC Cutoff Levels in Blood and Saliva for Detection of Impaired Driving Canadian Cannabis Survey The “Next Day” Effects of Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review Register for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

Dr. Karla Gage is Assistant Professor of Weed Science and Plant Biology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, where she received her Ph.D. in Plant Biology with a focus in Weed Ecology in 2013. In short, Karla is a weed expert, but not in the weed you smoke, but rather the weeds you pull. Her research focuses on using Integrated Weed Management to control and suppress weeds in midwestern US rotational crops, including corn, soybean, wheat, sorghum, and now hemp. During our conversation we discussed: What negative effects weeds can have on hemp Which weed species are threatening to hemp Herbicides that are approved for hemp and the threat of herbicide resistance Integrated weed management strategies, such as, crop rotation, cover crops, and chaff lining, plastic coverings, and more How ferral hemp varieties may have traits to help breed more resistant hemp varieties Thanks to this Episode's Sponsor: Rare Earth Genomics Rare Earth Genomics Texas is a partnership formed to accelerate hemp research and produce critical tools for the farmer. REG’s mission is to increase likelihood of a successful harvest through genetic analysis and rigorous environmental testing of vigorous cultivars. Reliable datasets, analytic tools and stable germplasm are core to the program. Success of the farmer is the goal! Learn more at rareearthgenomics.com

Dr. Laszlo Mechtler is the Chief Medical Officer at the DENT Neurologic Institute, the largest outpatient neuroscience center in the United States. Dr. Mechtler is the Director of the DENT Cannabis Clinic, which has more than 15,000 patients certified through the NYS MMJ program and continues to grow each day. He has published some of the first major retrospective research trials on Medical Marijuana in Headaches and other neurologic disorders and lectures both nationally and internationally and is recognized as a leader in the fields of Neuroimaging, Headache Medicine, Neuro-Oncology, and Medical Cannabis. Dr. Mechtler is also a member for he CannMed 24 Advisory Board. During our conversation we discuss: How the DENT Institute is uniquely positioned to study medical cannabis for a variety of conditions Results from recent studies conducted at the DENT Cannabis Clinic The challenges of studying cannabis medicine and how a proposed rescheduling could help The ongoing struggle to convince fellow clinicians and medical associations that medical cannabis is legitimate Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: The DENT Institute With more than 300,000 patient visits per year, the DENT Neurologic Institute ranks among the largest neuroscience centers in North America. Its 24 subspecialty clinics often treat the most challenging neurologic conditions including but not limited to Migraine, Chronic pain, ALS, MS, Parkinson’s, Dementia, and Neuro-Oncology. With their mission of advancing neuroscience, the Dent Institute established a cannabis clinic in 2016 to aid in the treatment of these chronic conditions seen throughout the institute. Learn more at dentinstitute.com Additional Resources Register for CannMed 24 Submit an Abstract for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

Bill Graham is the Founder of Microcline Tissue Culture, a company that provides tissue culture kits, consulting, and training to cannabis cultivators. With hands-on expertise, he retailed and distributed hydroponics supplies, sourced grow lights globally, created Biojuice nutrients, designed Phresh filter air quality systems, and simplified micropropagation cloning - creating the leading Microclone tissue culture kits in 2005. During our conversation we discussed: The basics of tissue culture Tissue culture as propagation alternative to cloning How mother plants can lead to pathogen infections and loss of vigor Combining tissue culture and qPCR to eliminate pathogens, such as hop latent viroid and more! Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Cambium Analytica Cambium Analytica, provides analytical, product development, and quality assurance services for the natural foods, botanical products, natural pharmaceutical, and dietary supplement industries. Cambium is a leading research organization that is focused on leveraging its expertise on drug discovery and method development, to be a research partner of choice for new innovative companies in the burgeoning botanical medicines space. Their focus on applying analytical techniques in combination with sensory, product development, and consumer research is driving advancement in natural product quality and innovation. Learn more at cambiumanalytica.com Additional Resources microclone.com Microclone on YouTube Register for CannMed 24 Submit an Abstract for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

Some people in the cannabis industry are questioning whether it is appropriate or necessary to test inhaled cannabis products for pathogenic Aspergillus. Full disclosure, we at Medicinal Genomics sell qPCR testing kits designed to detect pathogenic Aspergillus on cannabis products. We have also published several resources on our website that describe the potential harms that can be caused by inhaling pathogenic Aspergillus spores and cite with more than 2 dozen Aspergilosis cases in cannabis users. We have also recommended that states that are considering cannabis testing regulations adopt pathogenic Aspergillus testing. Not because we sell Aspergillus tests, but because we want to protect patients. By almost any measure, cannabis is one of the most safe and effective medicines available. And in many cases, the potential harms that can come from using cannabis are not caused by the plant, but rather contaminants. And although cases are rare, The documented cases describing Aspergillosis deaths from contaminated cannabis vastly outnumber the published clinical risks for every other contaminant for which the cannabis industry tests. There are no documented deaths for cannabis-derived heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides or incorrect cannabinoid labeling. The same cannot be said So that is our position, but of course we acknowledge that we are biased, and we are not experts on pathogenic fungi; however, our guest today is. David W. Denning is a Professor of Infectious Diseases in Global Health at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom. He was the founding president, executive director, and CEO of Global Action For Fungal Infections, an organization dedicated to reducing the worldwide burden of fungal disease. In 2016, he became the director of the National Aspergillosis Centre in Manchester, which treats patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and led the committee that developed the first CPA guidelines. He chairs the editorial board of a website which focusses on aspergillus and he leads an organisation which provides education on fungal diseases. In short, Dr. Denning is the leading authority on all things Aspergillus, and we asked him many of the questions that have been debated on social media recently, including: Should cannabis be tested for pathogenic Aspergillus Should there be an allowable limit for pathogenic Aspergillus? Is Apergillosis only a concern for immunocompromised patients? Are the number of Aspergillosis cases under reported? How difficult is Aspergillosis to diagnose and treat? How ubiquitous is Aspergillus in the air we breathe? and so much more. Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Modern Canna Modern Canna is regarded as Florida’s first medical cannabis laboratory and one of the most trusted third party testing providers in the United States. The company’s mission is to help set the standard for cannabis testing labs worldwide by providing the most accurate and efficient testing services, delivered with a sense of compassion, integrity, and moral obligation; and to attract and attain clients who value quality data that is verifiable, reproducible, and legally defensible. Modern Canna is the only Leafly Certified laboratory in the eastern United States and adheres to the industry’s strictest SOPs and quality control standards. Modern Canna offers a wide variety of testing, rapid turnaround times, and consulting services to Florida Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers (MMTC’s) and hemp businesses throughout the US. Learn more at moderncanna.com Additional Resources Too Many Mouldy Joints – Marijuana and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis The Aspergillus website https://en.fungaleducation.org/ Submit an Abstract for CannMed 24 Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

Mitchell Westmoreland is a Ph.D. candidate working with Dr. Bruce Bugbee in the Crop Physiology Laboratory at Utah State University. His Ph.D. research focuses on whole-plant physiology and cultivation of medical Cannabis in controlled environments. He has published his research on photobiology and plant nutrition in high-impact peer-reviewed scientific journals. I spoke with Mitch about the various environmental factors that contribute to cannabis yield, specifically light, temperature, humidity, and CO2. Mitch does a great job explaining the energy cascade, which describes the underlying mechanisms that plants use to convert photons to energy and ultimately biomass. Mitch also explains how those factors can be manipulated to not only increase yield but also make better use of resources. Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Advanced Nutrients. Founded in 1999, Advanced Nutrients was the first to develop a complete nutrient system that unlocks the true genetic potential of the cannabis plant. Since its inception, the brand has introduced more than 50 innovations to the cultivation community, and continues to revolutionize the space through proprietary scientific discoveries. Learn more at advancednutrients.com Additional Resources Elevated UV photon fluxes minimally affected cannabinoid concentration in a high-CBD cultivar Cannabis lighting: Decreasing blue photon fraction increases yield but efficacy is more important for cost-effective production of cannabinoids Sustainable Cannabis Nutrition: Elevated root-zone phosphorus significantly increases leachate P and does not improve yield or quality An approach to crop modeling with the energy cascade Exploring the Limits of Crop Productivity The Science and Technology of Medical Cannabis Cultivation Utah State University Course Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

Danielle McCartney is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics at the University of Sydney. Her main role is to coordinate clinical research into the effects of cannabidiol on simulated car driving performance. Danielle and her colleagues recently published a systematic review of 20 studies that examine the next-day effects of THC. As the study states, “The length of time an individual should wait following cannabis use before performing safety-sensitive tasks, is a critical issue.” Some government agencies and experts recommend individuals avoid performing safety-sensitive tasks for at least 24 hours. It should not surprise you to learn that the data suggests a much shorter impairment window. During our conversation, we discuss: The different types of studies the authors reviewed and the criteria they used to evaluate them The different tests administered to measure impairment How next-day effects of THC compare to acute effects How next-day effects are different in medicinal cannabis patients vs. recreational users What methods are available to determine THC impairment in drivers What is a reasonable impairment window for THC Thank You to This Episode's Sponsor: Medicine Women Health Medicine Women’s team of specialists includes Medical Doctors, Naturopaths, Medical Cannabis Experts, Nutritionists and Alternative Health Practitioners. These integrative teams evaluate health issues and design targeted protocols to promote personal healing. Medicine Women’s Protocols have successfully alleviated symptoms of Cancer, Auto-Immune Diseases and Neurological Conditions, as well as providing overall Health Rejuvenation. Learn more at www.medicinewomenhealth.com. Additional Resources The “Next Day” Effects of Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

The CannMed Coffee Talk is on a bit of a break. We will be back with a brand new episode on Wednesday, September 20th. This hiatus will allow us to upgrade some of our equipment and processes so we can improve our production quality and give us more time between recording the podcast and getting the episodes published. You may have noticed that our last few episodes have included a video element, which adds a whole new layer of complexity to the production. So hang tight, we already have some great guests lined up that I think you will all enjoy. But in the meantime, we invite you to check out any past episodes you may have missed. They are all available on the CannMed Coffee Talk Podcast page. And please also check out the video recordings of all the past CannMed presentations in the CannMed Video Archive.

Zamir Punja, PhD is a Professor of Plant Biotechnology at Simon Fraser University in Canada. His research interests include the etiology and management of plant diseases on vegetable and horticultural crops, and the applications of plant biotechnology for disease management. Since 2018, his work has shifted to researching cannabis, where his group has described a range of previously unreported pathogens affecting the crop and has evaluated various methods for disease management. His team just published the results of a 3-year study that identified several factors related to growing, drying, and trimming cannabis that have a direct effect on Yeast and Mold levels. This is important because when growers fail for microbial testing, yeast and mold is most often the reason. So if you are a grower who has struggled with total yeast and mold, perhaps these findings can help you get back on track. I’ve put a link to the paper in the show description, and if you are watching on YouTube, I have added several figures and images from the paper throughout the conversation. We covered: The different species of yeast and mold that are commonly found on cannabis and which are potentially harmful to humans The value of TYM testing as an indicator of product safety and quality What is a reasonable threshold for Total Yeast and Mold How Cannabis genotype affects TYM levels Why leaf litter drives up TYM levels Why hang drying is a better method than wet trimming The drawbacks of irradiation And more Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: Agilent Technologies Whether you manufacture or test cannabis, you face the challenge of delivering high-quality products, increasing sample volume, and meeting emerging regulations. Agilent offers best-in-class cannabis and hemp analysis solutions featuring robust instruments, software, services, and consumables. Their team of experts can develop, implement, and optimize methods to get you up and running quickly. Learn more at agilent.com Additional Resources Total yeast and mold levels in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences are influenced by genotype, environment, and pre-and post-harvest handling practices 5 Factors Causing Cannabis to Fail Total Yeast and Mold Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]

VIDEO VERSION AVAILABLE ON YOUTUBE Dr. Zamir Punja is a Professor of Plant Biotechnology at Simon Fraser University in Canada. His research interests include the etiology and management of plant diseases on vegetable and horticultural crops, and the applications of plant biotechnology for disease management. Since 2018, his work has shifted to researching cannabis, where his group has described a range of previously unreported pathogens affecting the crop and has evaluated various methods for disease management. Zamir’s latest research has been focused on a pathogen that is spreading throughout cannabis cultivation facilities worldwide, Hop Latent Viroid. HLVd is a relatively new pathogen. It was first identified in hops in the late 80s and was detected in cannabis in 2018. It is also quite small, only 40 nanometers in size. Still, in just five years this tiny pathogen has managed to infect as much as 90% of cannabis facilities in California alone. All while reducing yields by as much as 50% and costing the industry $4 billion in losses. Zamir shared his latest research on HLVd at CannMed 23, which is the basis of our conversation today. I have put a link to the video of his presentation in the show description. Our conversation covers: 0:00 Introduction 4:38 Why Zamir calls HLVd the “COVID of Cannabis” 8:06 Evidence that HLVd spreads through seed 10:42 What is it doing to cannabis plants? 13:17 How hop growers dealt with HLVd 16:06 Lack of genetic diversity in HLVd 19:50 Up close view of trichomes on HLVd-infected plants 29:57 Treatment and Remediation options 32:53 HLVd Testing protocols 38:41 Sampling recommendations 48:05 Hope for the Future 50:30 Related Resources 52:47 Outro Thanks to This Episode's Sponsor: PhenoXpress PhenoXpress offers low-cost genetic testing services to cultivation facilities. Using qPCR technology, PhenoXpress helps cutlivators identify genetic traits, such as plant sex, while plants are still in the seedling tray. They can also identify plant pathogens, such as Hop Latent Viroid, Lettuce Chlorosis Virus, and Powdery Mildew before plants show obvious signs of infection. Contact PhenoXpress today so they can help you predict, prevent, and eliminate major crop problems before they happen. Learn more at phenoxpress.com Additional Resources Understanding and Managing Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis - Zamir Punja, PhD [CannMed 23 Presentation] Hop Latent Viroid Shares a 19 Nucleotide Sequence with Cannabis sativa COG7 - Kevin McKernan [CannMed 23 Presentation] - Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive CannMed Community Board [Facebook Group]