Stroke Alert

On Episode 39 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the April 2024 issue of Stroke: “Intravenous Tirofiban Versus Alteplase Before Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pooled Analysis of the DEVT and RESCUE BT Trials” and “Radial Versus Femoral Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.” She also interviews Dr. Shadi Yaghi about his article “Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection: The STOP-CAD Study.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20240401.480865

On Episode 38 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the March 2024 issue of Stroke: “High-Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Are Associated With Decreased Risk of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment” and “Long-Term Risk of Arterial Thrombosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: MUCH-Italy.” She also interviews Drs. Santosh Murthy and Wendy Ziai about their article “Association Between Hematoma Volume and Risk of Subsequent Ischemic Stroke: A MISTIE III and ATACH-2 Analysis." For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20240311.154039

On Episode 37 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the February 2024 issue of Stroke: “Intravenous Thrombolysis Before Endovascular Treatment in Posterior Circulation Occlusions: A MR CLEAN Registry Study” and “Effect of the Factor XIa Inhibitor Asundexian According to Baseline Infarct Pattern and on MRI Covert Infarct Outcomes.” She also interviews Drs. Brian Hoh and Marc Chimowitz on the Focused Update series of articles in this issue on the topic of intracranial atherosclerosis. For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20240209.645497

On Episode 36 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the January 2024 issue of Stroke: “Time Window for Induced Hypertension in Acute Small Vessel Occlusive Stroke With Early Neurological Deterioration” and “Patent Foramen Ovale Management for Secondary Stroke Prevention: State-of-the-Art Appraisal of Current Evidence.” She also interviews Drs. Kelly Flemming and Issam Awad about their articles “Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage. Part I: Event Rates and Clinical Outcome” and “Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage. Part II: Biomarkers and Trial Modeling.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20240108.294731

On Episode 35 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi is joined by Dr. Ashkan Shoamanesh, Associate Professor of Neurology at McMaster University, for the inaugural 2023 Ralph L. Sacco Review of Top Cerebrovascular Research of the Year. In honor of the late Dr. Ralph L. Sacco, former Editor-in-Chief of Stroke, who died in January 2023, Drs. Asdaghi and Shoamanesh review some of the top cerebrovascular science published in any journal or presented at any scientific forum throughout the past year. For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20231206.234364

On Episode 34 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the November 2023 issue of Stroke: “Identification of Clinically Relevant Brain Endothelial Cell Biomarkers in Plasma” and “Robot-Assisted Transcranial Doppler Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for Right to Left Shunt Detection.” She also interviews Dr. Thalia Field about her article “Study of Rivaroxaban for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial Comparing Anticoagulation With Rivaroxaban to Standard-of-Care in Symptomatic Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20231027.572752

On Episode 33 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the October 2023 issue of Stroke: “Spreading Depolarizations Suppress Hematoma Growth in Hyperacute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice” and “Comment on the 2023 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.” She also interviews Dr. Rebecca Gottesman about her article “Cerebral Microbleed Patterns and Cortical Amyloid-β: The ARIC-PET Study.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20231004.445526

On Episode 32 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the September 2023 issue of Stroke: “Prestroke and Poststroke Sulfonylurea Exposure and Functional Outcomes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SHINE Trial” and “Sleep Duration Is Associated With Subclinical Carotid Plaque Burden.” She also interviews Dr. Alexandros Polymeris and Prof. Philippe Lyrer about their article “Tranexamic Acid for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients on Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (TICH-NOAC): A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230829.123365

On Episode 31 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the August 2023 issue of Stroke: “Cancer Prediction With Machine Learning of Thrombi From Thrombectomy in Stroke: Multicenter Development and Validation” and “Differences in Stroke Recurrence Risk Between Atrial Fibrillation Detected on ECG and 14-Day Cardiac Monitoring.” She also interviews Dr. Robert Starke about the article “Outcome Evaluation of Repeat Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230802.750121

On Episode 30 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the July 2023 issue of Stroke: “Temporal Trends and Determinants of Stroke Risk in Patients With Medically Treated Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis” and “Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesion Reversal in Older Patients With Stroke Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy.” She also interviews Drs. Thanh N. Nguyen and Simon Nagel about their article “Endovascular Versus Medical Management of Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke: The PLATO Study.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230629.275844

On Episode 29 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the June 2023 issue of Stroke: “Prevalence and Procedural Risk of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis Coexisting With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm” and “Adolescent Hypertension Is Associated With Stroke in Young Adulthood: A Nationwide Cohort of 1.9 Million Adolescents.” She also interviews Dr. Darren B. Orbach about his article "Transuterine Ultrasound-Guided Fetal Embolization of Vein of Galen Malformation, Eliminating Postnatal Pathophysiology." For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230530.62217

On Episode 28 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the May 2023 issue of Stroke: “Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Proteinuria and Long-Term Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study” and “Stroke Prevention and Treatment in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Is There a Role for GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Analogues?” She also interviews Drs. Kanishk Kaushik and Marieke J.H. Wermer about their article “Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Post Neurosurgery: Frequency, Clinical Profile, Radiological Features, and Outcome.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230501.274417

On Episode 27 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the April 2023 issue of Stroke: “Association Between Hospital-Documented Atrial Fibrillation and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion” and “Early Stroke and Mortality After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.” She also interviews Drs. Wenting Zhang and Jun Chen about their article “Poststroke Intravenous Transplantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Brain Repair Dynamics and Functional Outcomes in Aged Mice.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230407.897078

On Episode 26 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the March 2023 issue of Stroke: “Tenecteplase Treatment and Thrombus Characteristics Associated With Early Reperfusion” and “Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Cilostazol for Secondary Prevention in Lacunar Stroke.” She also interviews Dr. Mitchell Elkind about the life and the legacy of Dr. Ralph L. Sacco, Stroke’s Editor-in-Chief, who died January 17, 2023. For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230308.776720

On Episode 25 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the February 2023 issue of Stroke: “Early Antiplatelet Resumption and the Risks of Major Bleeding After Intracerebral Hemorrhage” and “Using Noncontrast Computed Tomography to Improve Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion.” She also interviews Dr. Lauren H. Sansing about her article “Role of Inflammatory Processes in Hemorrhagic Stroke.” For the episode transcript, visit: https://www.ahajournals.org/do/10.1161/podcast.20230203.583057.

On Episode 24 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the January 2023 issue of Stroke: “Covert Brain Infarction as a Risk Factor for Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” and “Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Pregnancy and Puerperium.” She also interviews Dr. Georgios Tsivgoulis about his article “Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi: Let's start with some questions. 1) When during pregnancy is an intracranial aneurysm at the highest risk of rupture? 2) What does the presence of covert brain infarcts mean in the setting of atrial fibrillation? 3) And, finally, how is the inflammatory form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy different from the classic CAA form, and why is it important to differentiate between the two? We'll be answering these questions and much more in today's podcast. We're covering the latest in cerebrovascular disorders, and this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. Together with my co-editors, Drs. Nastajjia Krementz and Eric Goldstein, here's our article selection for the month of January. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a feared complication of reperfusion therapies in acute stroke, so there's a lot of interest in looking for predictors of development of this complication, especially when you're making decisions for pursuing endovascular therapy. For many years now, we've known about some of these predictors, such as presence of a large infarct core and high blood glucose levels. But in the recent years, other radiographic markers of tissue viability, such as a poor collateral status and unfavorable venous outflow profile, have been shown to be predictors of post-reperfusion hemorrhagic transformation. In this issue of the journal, we learn about another imaging marker that can potentially predict parenchymal hemorrhage occurrence post-endovascular therapy, which is high hypoperfusion intensity ratio, or HIR, as measured by perfusion imaging. What is HIR? It's a long name for a simple ratio that can easily be measured by dividing the volume of tissue with Tmax delay of over 10 seconds to the volume of tissue with Tmax delays of over 6 seconds. Simply put, Tmax 10 divided by Tmax 6. These volumes, as you know, are typically provided to us by almost all post-processing perfusion softwares, and so this ratio can be easily calculated in the acute setting. So, in this paper led by Dr. Tobias Faizy from University Medical Center in Hamburg and colleagues, we learned that higher hypoperfusion intensity ratios are strongly associated with parenchymal hemorrhage occurrence after endovascular therapy. So, in summary, HIR, that is a quantitative ratio, can be used as a marker to risk stratify patients that are undergoing endovascular therapy in terms of helping us predicting the risk of development of intracerebral hemorrhage after reperfusion therapies. In a separate study in this issue of the journal, we read a very interesting paper titled "Anti-Epileptic Drug Target Perturbation and Intracranial Aneurysm Risk." How are intracranial aneurysms even related to anti-epileptic drugs? Well, first of all, it's been known for a long time based on genome-wide association studies that there are multiple common genes that are associated with increased risk of intracranial aneurysm development. Now, some of the largest genetic studies to date have shown pleiotropy between genetic causes of development of intracranial aneurysms and genes encoding targets for anti-epileptic drugs. Now that's a fascinating finding because finding commonalities between these genes may help find new treatment targets for intracranial...

On Episode 23 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the December 2022 issue of Stroke: “Direct, Indirect, and Combined Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass for Adult Moyamoya Disease” and “Contemporary Incidence and Burden of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Children of the United States.” She also interviews Drs. Koji Tanaka and Andrew Demchuk about article “Significance of Baseline Ischemic Core Volume on Stroke Outcome After EVT in Patients Age ≥75 Years.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi: Let's start with some questions. 1) Is direct bypass better than indirect bypass in preventing the future risk of vascular events in adult patients with moyamoya disease? 2) What is the contemporary incidence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the pediatric population? 3) And finally, is endovascular therapy beneficial for patients presenting with a large ischemic core? We have the answers and much more in today's podcast. You're listening to the Stroke Alert Podcast, and this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. In our final podcast for the year, I'm thrilled to announce that Drs. Nastajjia Krementz and Eric Goldstein have joined our podcast as assistant editors to help us cover the latest and the best in the field of cerebrovascular disorder. And together, here's our article selection to close the year. As part of our Advances in Stroke, in the article titled "Focus on Anticoagulation for Valvular Heart Disease With and Without Atrial Fibrillation," we get an update on current evidence from randomized controlled trials on the use of direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists in patients with valvular heart disease that are mechanical valves, moderate to severe mitral stenosis, or bioprosthetic valves from the perspective of stroke physicians. What that means is that data from randomized trials was analyzed based on whether the patient had a prior history of stroke or TIA. In this review, we learned that direct oral anticoagulants may be used in patients with bioprosthetic valves who have atrial fibrillation, although DOACs have never been shown to be superior over vitamin K antagonists. We also learned that vitamin K antagonists should be used in patients with rheumatic moderate to severe mitral valve stenosis or patients with mechanical valves with or without atrial fibrillation and, of course, sometimes during the first few months after either surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients without atrial fibrillation. And finally, patients with bioprosthetic valves without AFib don't have any other indications to be treated with anticoagulants should be treated with antiplatelet monotherapy in the long run. In a separate article in this issue of the journal, from Dr. Yang and colleagues from China, we learn about the pathophysiology of radiation-induced brain injury with special attention to radiation-induced vasculopathy. These investigators show that hyperactivity of notch signaling pathway that in normal state is essential in vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of arterial identity actually results in abnormal accumulation and disturbance of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in arterial muscularization and arterial dysfunction seen in radiation-induced vasculopathy. What's interesting is that inhibition of the notch signaling pathway in their study resulted not only in a measurable reduction in radiation induced vasculopathy, but also an overall improvement in radiation-induced brain injury as measured by the cognitive function of the mice exposed to radiation in their study. This study takes us a step closer to possible therapeutic options for radiation-induced vasculopathy and radiation-induced brain injury using compounds that...

On Episode 22 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the November 2022 issue of Stroke: “Estimating Perfusion Deficits in Acute Stroke Patients Without Perfusion Imaging” and “Five-Year Results of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With or Without Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.” She also interviews Dr. George Ntaios about his article “Incidence of Stroke in Randomized Trials of COVID-19 Therapeutics.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi: Let's start with some questions. 1) What is the actual incidence of stroke after COVID-19? 2) In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, can the volume of ischemic penumbra be estimated with just a regular MRI study of the brain without any vascular or perfusion imaging? 3) And finally, can a patient with significant carotid stenosis go through coronary artery bypass graft surgery? We're back here to answer these questions and bring us up to date with the latest in the world of cerebrovascular disorders. You're listening to the Stroke Alert Podcast, and this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. The November issue of Stroke is packed with a range of really exciting and exceedingly timely articles. As part of our Original Contributions in this issue of the journal, we have a post hoc analysis of the Treat Stroke to Target, or the TST, randomized trial by Dr. Pierre Amarenco and colleagues. We've talked about this trial in our past podcast, and the main study results that were published in New England Journal of Medicine in January of 2020. TST randomized patients with a recent stroke or TIA to either a low target of LDL cholesterol of less than 70 milligram per deciliter or a target LDL of 90 to 110. The main study showed that the low LDL target group had a significantly lower risk of subsequent cardiovascular events without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. So, from this, we know that achieving a low target LDL is possible and is actually better than the LDL target of 90 to 110 post-stroke. But in the new paper, in this issue of the journal, in a post hoc analysis of the trial, the TST investigators showed that it's not just achieving that magic low target LDL of less than 70 that's important in a reduction of cerebrovascular disorders, but it's also how we achieve it that determines the future of vascular outcomes. So, in this analysis that compared patients on monostatin therapy to those treated with dual cholesterol-lowering agents, that would be a combination of statin and ezetimibe, and showed that in the low LDL target group, only those patients treated with dual therapy had a significant reduction of subsequent vascular events as compared to those in the higher LDL category. But the same was not true for patients on statin monotherapy, even though they had all achieved a low target LDL. Think about this for a moment. Both groups, whether on statin monotherapy or on dual anti-cholesterol treatments, achieved the same low target of LDL, but only those on dual therapy had a lower risk of subsequent vascular events as compared to those that were in the higher LDL target group. Very thought-provoking study. In a separate paper by Dr. Shin and colleagues out of Korea, we learned that survivors of tuberculosis, or TB, are at a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke than their age- and risk factors–matched non-TB counterparts. The authors used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services and studied over 200,000 cases diagnosed with TB between 2010 and 2017 and compared them to a pool of over one million non-TB cases for matching. And they found that the risk of ischemic stroke was 1.2 times greater among TB survivors compared to matched non-TB cases after adjusting for...

On Episode 21 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the October 2022 issue of Stroke: “Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Stroke Risk” and “Effectiveness and Safety of Antithrombotic Medication in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Intracranial Hemorrhage.” She also interviews Dr. Shadi Yaghi about his article “Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi: Let's start with some questions. 1) Do hormone replacement therapies or oral contraceptives increase the risk of stroke? And if yes, does the age of the individual or the duration of therapy modify this risk? 2) Should survivors of intracranial hemorrhage who have atrial fibrillation be treated with antithrombotic therapies for secondary prevention of stroke? 3) And finally, what is the anticoagulant of choice for treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis? We have the answers and much more in today's podcast as we continue to bring you the latest in cerebrovascular disorders. You're listening to the Stroke Alert Podcast, and this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another amazing issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. The October issue of Stroke covers a number of timely topics. As part of our October Literature Synopsis, we have a nice paper by Dr. Farida Sohrabji and colleague, which summarizes three recently published animal studies to evaluate the association between small vessel ischemic injury and either development of Parkinsonism or the future risk of Parkinson's disease. These studies looked at how ischemia, specifically involving the lenticulostriate arteries, can modulate the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and ultimately lead to Parkinsonism. As part of our Original Contributions, we have the results of a small randomized trial out of Korea, which was led by Dr. Yun-Hee Kim from Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul, where we learned that doing 20 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation for about 30 minutes for each session at home can improve post-stroke cognition. This was found to be specifically effective in patients with post-stroke moderate cognitive decline. Now, transcranial current stimulation can be given using a handheld device at home, and if truly proven safe and efficacious in larger studies, can dramatically change the landscape of stroke recovery in cognitive rehabilitation. I encourage you to review these articles in addition to listening to our podcast today. Later in the podcast, I have the great pleasure of interviewing Dr. Shadi Yaghi from Brown University. Shadi will walk us through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to compare the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants to that of vitamin K antagonists in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Our devoted Stroke Alert Podcast listeners recall that we did cover this topic in our March podcast when we reviewed the results of ACTION-CVT, a multicenter international study that was led by none other than Shadi himself. I'm delighted to have him as a guest on my podcast today to talk more about the seminal study and all things cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. But first, with these two articles. Millions of women worldwide use exogenous hormones, most commonly in the form of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies. Despite the many different formulations of these drugs that are now available on the market, the two therapies are similar in that both combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies, or HRTs, contain various dosage of estrogen and progestin. Now, the principal difference between them being that the hormone contents of oral contraceptives are at high enough dosage...

On Episode 20 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the September 2022 issue of Stroke: “Transdural Revascularization by Multiple Burrhole After Erythropoietin in Stroke Patients With Cerebral Hypoperfusion” and “Silent Infarcts, White Matter Integrity, and Oxygen Metabolic Stress in Young Adults With and Without Sickle Cell Trait.” She also interviews Dr. Timo Uphaus about his article “Revacept, an Inhibitor of Platelet Adhesion in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi: Let's start with some questions. 1) Can performing multiple burrholes improve misery perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease? And if yes, how do the results compare to that of a direct EC-IC bypass surgery? 2) The glycoprotein VI antagonist Revacept provides lesion-directed thromboinhibition at the site of atherosclerotic plaque rupture without causing systemic platelet inhibition. In other words, it works where it should work without causing the systemic side effects of antiplatelet therapies. Is Revacept the future of carotid-related stroke treatment? 3) And finally, how should we counsel the family members of a patient with sickle cell anemia who are found to have sickle trait carrier state? Is sickle cell trait a risk factor for development of ischemic stroke? We're back here with the Stroke Alert Podcast to answer these questions and cover the latest in Stroke because, without a doubt, this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. For the September 2022 issue of Stroke, we have a number of articles that I'd like to highlight. As part of our International Stroke Early Career and Training section, or the InterSECT series, we have an important article by Drs. Kathryn Hayward and Aaron Davis to discuss the importance of science visualization as a simple, but not a simplistic way to improve scientific communications with the public. The authors stress that the ability to communicate complex scientific information in an easily understandable format to those unfamiliar with the subject is not an obligation on the part of the scientists, rather, an opportunity for the scientific community to elevate knowledge translation for all. In a separate article in this issue of the journal, we learned that the presence of early venous filling, or EVF, post-endovascular thrombectomy, defined as presence of contrast opacification of any cerebral vein before the late arterial phase, is an important angiographic marker that has been associated with an increased risk of post-reperfusion hemorrhage and worse clinical outcomes. In an original contribution, Dr. Wagih Ben Hassen from the Department of Neuroradiology at Université de Paris and colleagues looked at the predictive ability of TAGE score to determine the odds of development of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombectomy. TAGE score, "T "for time from onset to successful recanalization of over 270 minutes, "A" for ASPECTS score either equal or less than five or ASPECTS of six to seven, "G" for blood glucose level of higher than seven millimole per liter, and "E" for EVF, or presence of early venous filling. The authors found that presence of each of these variables within the TAGE score were independently associated with increased odds of post-thrombectomy symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and together, a higher TAGE score had a great prognostic value in predicting development of reperfusion hemorrhage. I encourage you to review these articles in detail in addition to listening to our podcast today. Later in the podcast, I have the great pleasure of interviewing Dr. Timo Uphaus from Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, on the results of a phase II clinical trial of symptomatic carotid stenosis...