Experts InSight

How do ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) work, and how might ophthalmologists harness their power for use in clinical practice? Drs. Peter Campbell and Travis Redd join host Amanda Redfern to discuss the advent of generative AI and its current and future implications for the practice of ophthalmology. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Dr. Chris Leffler, pediatric ophthalmologist and medical historian, joins host Andrew Pouw to discuss his study of the history of ophthalmology, ranging from the origin and use of the term "glaucoma," to the evolution of cataract surgery from antiquity to the modern era. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Annie Wishna and Royce Chen join host Jay Sridhar to discuss their experiences teaching trainees with surgical anxiety. Throughout the episode, our guests share their personal anecdotes, measures to overcome surgical anxiety, and how to foster a culture that supports psychological improvement. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Rupa Wong and Dagny Zhu join host Amanda Redfern to share their experience and expertise using social media to successfully promote their ophthalmic practices and enhance their professional careers. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Meghan Berkenstock, Stella Kim, and Lauren Dalvin join the show again to teach us about immune checkpoint inhibitors: game changers in oncology, but with a host of ocular side effects. All eye providers will be seeing more patients on this class of medication, and our panel teaches us what to look for and how to manage it. Additional resources: the National Comprehensive Cancer Network offers a suite of clinical practice guidelines to help clinicians manage immunotherapy ocular adverse events. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Fasika Woreta and Ekjyot Gill join host Jay Sridhar to discuss the literature and their experiences surrounding socioeconomic determinants of corneal pathology, and how social risk factors impact access to necessary corneal treatment and surgery. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Dr. David Huang joins the show to share his story of developing optical coherence tomography (OCT), for which he, Dr. James Fujimoto, and Eric Swanson won the National Medal of Technology, the highest award for innovators in the United States, as well as the 2023 Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award, often called "America's Nobel Prize." For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Host Jay Sridhar invites Drs. Sneha Kannan and Zirui Song to discuss their research group's recent publication in JAMA analyzing the association between private equity ownership and the rate of hospital adverse events, and what the results could indicate for ophthalmologists and other physicians. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Host Andrew Pouw and Dr. Chris Johnson, a leading authority on visual field research, discuss the advent of virtual reality (VR) visual field perimetry, its advantages over conventional bowl perimetry, and how this new diagnostic technology will impact the care for patients with glaucoma. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Recent surveys have shown that a majority of ophthalmologists report musculoskeletal pain in the neck, back, and shoulders. Those who regularly use surgical loupes or perform clinical exams that induce neck flexion—such as when examining for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)—may be at even higher risk for chronic pain and disability. In today’s episode, Drs. Donny Suh and Safeer Siddicky discuss ergonomics in both the clinic and operating room, and how posture, behavior, and simple ergonomic modifications can help prevent musculoskeletal disease. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Natalie Homer and Andrea Tooley share some major can’t-miss diagnoses in the lids and orbit that carry significant morbidity and mortality, including sebaceous cell carcinoma, orbital tumors, and infectious processes such as mucormycosis and necrotizing fasciitis. Strategies for imaging, histopathology, and management are also discussed. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

A surgical team from NYU Langone Health recently made history when it performed the world's first whole-eye and partial-face transplant in a patient who survived a high-voltage electrical accident. In today's episode, host Ben Young welcomes Dr. Vaidehi Dedania, a retina specialist and the primary ophthalmologist involved in the case, to discuss the surgery, the patient's progress, and the potential future for similar surgeries. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Adhering to an eye drop regimen can be difficult—especially for elderly patients with glaucoma. Those same patients often face an unexpected additional barrier to care when they run out of their medication and are denied early refills by a pharmacy or coverage by their insurance carrier. In today’s episode, Dr. Kevin McKinney talks about how his own advocacy efforts at the state level helped protect early eye drop refills in Oregon. He advises what other US clinicians can do to advocate for their patients and empower them to receive the care they need, while also helping them administer eye drops effectively. Resources eye drop prescription refill legislation department of insurance card for patients For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

How do you advise patients who need an intraocular tamponade but also plan to travel into areas of high altitude or by air? When should the surgeon opt for silicone oil instead of gas or air? Drs. Sarah Read and Jack Stringham share their experiences and pearls for managing retinal surgery in these challenging cases. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Where do guide dogs come from? How are they trained, and how do they functionally support patients with visual impairment or blindness? What steps should you follow to "prescribe" a guide dog? Which patients qualify, and how much does it cost? In today’s episode, host Ben Young invites Jake Koch and his dog Forli from Guide Dogs for the Blind to share everything the ophthalmologist needs to know about guide dogs. Learn more about the services offered by Guide Dogs for the Blind. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are new chemotherapeutic agents that can cause significant ocular side effects. Drs. Meghan Berkenstock, Lauren Dalvin, and Stella Kim review this new class of drugs and how they can affect the eye, providing essential tips for what to look for, when to screen, and how to treat the side effects. Prescribing information mentioned in this episode: Elahere (mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx) Tivdak (tisotumab vedotin-tftv) For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Maura Di Nicola and Basil Williams sit down with host Jay Sridhar to review how retinoblastoma treatments have evolved, including discussion of intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy and liquid biopsy using aqueous humor samples. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Dr. Mike Chiang, Dr. Michael Boland, and Kent Mathewson join host Andrew Pouw to discuss the current state of clinical documentation in ophthalmology, the future of the electronic health record (EHR), the use of scribes, and legal considerations for documentation. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. Julie Falardeau and Mike Lee discuss guidelines and pearls for the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) during pregnancy and childbirth. They share how pregnancy shifts the evaluation and management of the initial diagnosis of IIH and how it can affect patients who already have a history of the disease. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Drs. M. Ali Khan, Ajay Kuriyan, and Sarah Read join host Jay Sridhar to discuss recent developments in intravitreal injectable drugs, including 8-mg aflibercept not initially approved by the FDA, the upcoming PDUFA date for on-label bevacizumab, and approaching injections for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.