Neurotech Pub

We’re back with Part II of our two-part series on Connectomics! In part one we speculated on the legal and ethical implications of emerging technologies in the connectomics field. In part two, we don our lab coats and take a deep dive into the latest research tools, from fixation protocols for the preservation of neural tissue, to multimodal imaging techniques, to the machine intelligence designed to interpret massive data sets and reconstruct the vast neural circuits that make up the connectome. Our guests are: Kenneth Hayworth, PhDRobert McIntyreJeremy Maitin-ShepardIn this episode, Ken and Robert from part one return to the pub, and we are also joined by Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, an engineer and researcher at Google, who shares insights into some of the machine intelligence modalities being used to decode previously uncharted neural networks. Check out Jeremy’s recent paper on BioRxiv, as well as his published work at Google. If you missed part one, you can listen and explore the show notes here. Cheers! Show Notes: 0:00 | Intro 1:03 | Kenneth Hayworth, PhD 1:12 | Robert McKintyre, CEO, Nectome 1:17 | Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, PhD 1:51 | Setting the record straight 3:09 | The nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174 4:22 | Frozen Zoo at San Diego Zoo 12:01| Glutaraldehyde and reduction techniques for immunolabeling 17:39 | SWITCH Framework 19:14 | Population Responses in V1 Encode Different Figures by Response Amplitude Enhanced mirror neuron network activity and effective connectivity during live interaction among female subjects Permeabilization-free en bloc immunohistochemistry for correlative microscopy 19:57 | Synaptic Signaling in Learning and Memory Structure and function of a neocortical synapse Engineering a memory with LTD and LTP Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams 20:28 | Ultrastructure of Dendritic Spines Structure–stability–function relationships of dendritic spines 24:25 | Reconstructing the connectome 24:32 | Connectomics Research Team at Google 24:55 | Google x HHMI: Releasing the Drosophila Hemibrain Connectome 28:38 | Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy 29:22 | Automated Serial Sections to Tape 29:45 | Mapping connections in mouse neocortex 30:59 | A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain 32:14 | Expansion Microscopy 34:37 | The future of connectomics 45:13 | Contribution of apical and basal dendrites to orientation encoding in mouse V1 L2/3 pyramidal neurons 49:49 | Mice and rats achieve similar levels of performance in an adaptive decision-making task Want More? Follow Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Paradromics on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Matt on LinkedIn and Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this first installment of two episodes on Connectomics, host and Paradromics CEO Matt Angle kicks off a lively discussion on the rapidly accelerating research in the mapping, preservation, and reconstruction of the human connectome. We explore the ethical and legal ramifications of disruptive technology, and some of the unique challenges faced when driving innovation in emerging industries. Our guests are: Nita Faraheny, JD, PhDKenneth Hayworth, PhDRobert McIntyre As an exciting new development since the recording of this episode, Nita recently published a book, The Battle for Your Brain, which examines many topics in neuroethics, from Connectomics to Brain-Computer Interfaces. It is currently available on Amazon. Keep an eye out for part two in this series, which will take a deep dive into the latest technical and engineering innovations in the connectomics ecosystem. Coming soon! Please be advised that this episode contains a brief discussion of assisted suicide in a medical setting. Show Notes: 0:00 | Episode Intro 1:16 | Nita A. Farahany, JD, PhD 1:21 | Kenneth Hayworth, PhD 1:27 | Robert McKintyre, CEO, Nectome 1:56 | Meeting of the minds 2:53 | Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation wins final phase of brain preservation prize 3:56 | The Brain Preservation Foundation 4:09 | Documentary series on the Brain Preservation Foundation 5:21 | Letter of Support for Aldehyde Stabilized Cryopreservation (and ‘next steps’ caveats) 5:51 | Nita's 2018 Neuroethics Ted Talk 5:54 | International Neuroethics Society 6:25 | Connectomics & new paths in neuroscience 8:10 | Allen Institute for Brain Science 8:47 | A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain 9:33 | A visual intro to synaptic imaging in connectomics 10:28 | The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 11:16 | Mouse Connectome Project at CIC 14:59 | Cryonics controversy 19:00 | Death, taxes, and synapses 20:51 | Uniform Law Commission 21:08 | The Uniform Determination of Death Act 24:25 | Watch Altered Carbon on Netflix 25:49 | Understanding the “Loss of Chance” Doctrine 37:13 | Understanding Physician-Assisted Death, or ‘Death with Dignity’ 40:21 | Euthanasia in the Netherlands 46:01 | Autonomy, Dignity, and Consent to Harm, Rutgers Law Review Want More? Follow Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Paradromics on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Matt on LinkedIn and Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode we’re talking about sleep–why we sleep, how sleep works on a neurophysiological level, and some of the emerging sleep technologies that are about to revolutionize this essential neural activity. Our guests are Amy Kruse, PhD, General Partner at Prime Movers Lab, Ram Gurumoorthy, PhD, Founder and CTO of Stimscience & Somnee, and Luis de Lecea, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine. This episode also features a video introduction to sleep stages by Paradromics Intern Zoe Lalji. This is essential viewing if you’re unfamiliar with the stages of sleep and want to follow along later in the episode. Cheers! Show Notes: 00:00 | Episode intro with Matt Angle and Amy Kruse 1:07 | StimScience in Fast Company 5:05 | Learned Motor Patterns Are Replayed in Human Motor Cortex during Sleep 6:43 | Connect with Prime Movers Lab 7:01 | PML on Medium 7:45 | Introduction to Sleep Stages References: Stages of Sleep Overview REM vs Non-REM Sleep Sleep Walking Benefits of REM Sleep Consequences of low REM sleep Importance of Deep Sleep Check out Zoe’s nonprofit organization, ALS Heroes, and her Ted Talk 12:24 | Pulling all-nighters 12:50 | Amy Kruse, PhD 13:00 | Ram Gurumoorthy, PhD 13:07 | Stimscience, now Somnee 13:30 | Luis de Lecea, PhD 18:26 | Gordon Rule, PhD 18:40 | Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords (2004) 19:50 | Why do we sleep? 20:26 | Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain 20:35 | Sleep & DNA Repair 22:13 | Neural Activity can cause DNA damage 23:22 | Jerry Seigal 24:26 | DARPA Sleep Research 24:55 | Fur seals and sleep 25:08 | How do Whales and Dolphins Sleep Without Drowning? 25:54 | Putting Humans in Stasis Is the Best Way of Getting Us to Mars 27:36 | Sleep and Mortality 28:09 | The Sleeping Brain: Harnessing the Power of the Glymphatic System through Lifestyle Choices 28:27 | Giulio Tononi, MD, PhD 28:45 | Sleep, Memory, and Plasticity 28:52 | Sleep Cognition and Memory 29:00 | Sleeping up and down the phylogenetic tree 29:05 | Actually...worms do sleep 29:20 | Decoding sleep 29:36 | Fruit flies and their mini sleeps 29:44 | Mapping sleep in the brain 30:35 | Hypocretin-positive neurons 31:17 | Clearly Matt slept through his midterm... again 31:57 | The hypocretins/orexins: integrators of multiple physiological functions 32:05 | Stress-sleep interactions 33:30 | The Science of Narcolepsy 35:08 | Equivalence of sleep deprivation and intoxication | Additional reference 36:21 | Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive 40:38 | EEG Visualization of electrodermal activity during sleep 44:08 | Circuitry of Sleep Stages 45:00 | Regional slow waves and spindles in human sleep | Local sleep in awake rats 48:00 | Emerging Sleep Technologies 1:00:56 | Hypothalamus and Sleep Want More? Follow Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Paradromics on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Matt on LinkedIn and Twitter

The Panel: Jan Scheuermann is an author and public speaker, and self-styled “professional lab rat.” She has spoken at DARPA, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and the National Convention of the ALS Association about her experience as a BCI trial participant at UPitt. She is the author of a fictional mystery novel, Sharp as a Cucumber, available on Amazon. You can find out more about Jan and book her for public speaking events on her website or connect with her on LinkedIn. Ian Burkhart is the President of the Ian Burkhart Foundation, which provides equipment not typically covered by insurance that improves independence for those with spinal cord injuries. He is also the Vice President of the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium, an advocacy organization that brings individuals with lived experience together with researchers to improve research, care, cure, and policy. In addition, Ian consults on medical device development and user interaction. Ian’s latest project is the BCI Pioneers Coalition, a platform to connect BCI users, researchers, industry, and other stakeholder groups to discuss the future of Brain Computer Interfaces. You can visit him on his website or connect with him on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram. Nathan Copeland is a neurotechnology consultant, speaker, and digital artist. He has spoken at numerous conventions around the world about his experiences in the lab and has been featured in many prominent publications including, but not limited to, Wired, MIT Tech Review, NPR, Fortune, and the Atlantic. He is the creator of the first BCI NFTs, available on OpenSea. You can connect with Nathan on Instagram, Twitter, and Linkedin. 00:00 | Intro 0:14 | Neurotech Pub Episode 13: BCI Pioneers Part I 0:47 | Neurotech Pub Episode 10: Business Models in Neurotech 1:30 | BCI & Identity 1:30 | New Yorker - Do Brain Implants Change Your Identity? 2:09 | The Utah Array (Blackrock Neurotech) 16:05 | Learn more about Hector in Part 1 17:14 | Talking Form Factors 18:36 | CerePlex System 22:36 | Support Systems in BCI Adoption 38:35 | Get in Touch 38:54 | The Ian Burkhart Foundation 39:13 | Book Ian as a speaker 39:25 | North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium (NASCIC) 40:04 | Where to find Ian 40:19 | Contact Nathan 40:25 | Nathan on Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter 40:32 | Nathan's NFTs on OpenSea Links to Jan’s lab photos and how to get in touch can be found here Want More? Follow Paradromics on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Blackrock Neurotech on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Taryn on LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter Follow Matt on LinkedIn and Twitter

In this very special two part series in collaboration with Blackrock Neurotech, Paradromics CEO Matt Angle and Blackrock Creative Director Taryn Southern co-host a discussion with BCI research pioneers Jan Scheuermann, Ian Burkhart, and Nathan Copeland. In part one, we discuss their personal journeys to becoming BCI pioneers, implant experiences with the Utah Array, their time in the lab, and some of their current projects. Learn more about Jan, Ian, and Nathan below and stay tuned for part two, coming in July 2022! The Panel: Jan Scheuermann is an author and public speaker, and self-styled “professional lab rat.” She has spoken at DARPA, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and the National Convention of the ALS Association about her experience as a BCI trial participant at UPitt. She is the author of a fictional mystery novel, Sharp as a Cucumber, available on Amazon. You can find out more about Jan and book her for public speaking events on her website or connect with her on LinkedIn. Ian Burkhart is the President of the Ian Burkhart Foundation, which provides equipment not typically covered by insurance that improves independence for those with spinal cord injuries. He is also the Vice President of the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium, an advocacy organization that brings individuals with lived experience together with researchers to improve research, care, cure, and policy. In addition, Ian consults on medical device development and user interaction. Ian’s latest project is the BCI Pioneers Coalition, a platform to connect BCI users, researchers, industry, and other stakeholder groups to discuss the future of Brain Computer Interfaces. You can visit him on his website or connect with him on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram. Nathan Copeland is a neurotechnology consultant, speaker, and digital artist. He has spoken at numerous conventions around the world about his experiences in the lab and has been featured in many prominent publications including, but not limited to, Wired, MIT Tech Review, NPR, Fortune, and the Atlantic. He is the creator of the first BCI NFTs, available on OpenSea. You can connect with Nathan on Instagram, Twitter, and Linkedin. 00:00 | Intro 6:10 | Who came first? 7:07 | Jan Scheuermann 7:18 | Tim Hemmes & the UPitt/UPMC Team 8:05 | New Yorker profile of Jan and the UPitt team 8:55 | View Jan’s photos from the lab 10:10 | Nathan Copeland 13:00 | Parietal Cortex 13:22 | Saccade Movements 14:12 | The Pioneer Experience 16:04 | Neuro Life Study | Additional Reference | Interview with Ian | Archives of PMR 18:15 | Mirror Therapy 23:50 | Jan in the Pilot Seat 25:07 | Ian's Experience in the Car Simulator 25:53| Thinking About Thinking 31:24 | Jan's novel, Sharp as a Cucumber 37:37 | View Jan’s photos from the lab 38:04 | Andy Schwartz 38:45 | Nathan's NFTs 43:22 | Nathan's Instagram 45:03 | 15 Minutes of Fame 45:12 | A Presidential Greeting 45:45 | Jan on 60 Minutes 45:54 | Jan in SciAM 46:00 | Book Jan as a keynote speaker 46:32 | SfN 47:05 | Investment in BCI 47:17 | The Ian Burkhart Foundation Want More? Follow Paradromics on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Blackrock Neurotech on Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram Follow Taryn on LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter Follow Matt on LinkedIn and Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! This episode is part two of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD, Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. Last time we talked about optical recording methods, but in this episode we focus on optical stimulation methods. Cheers! Check out video and full transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-12-mind-control-with-lasers 00:00 | Intro 1:37 | Aspirational Papers 1:56 | Packer Lab 2:10 | What is the claustrum? 2:30 | Ian's paper (but only part of it!) 3:02 | Two-Photon Bidirectional Control and Imaging In Vivo 3:29 | Inferring Spikes from Calcium Imaging 5:45 | Neuropixels are now in humans 7:12 | Paper by Pachitariu et al 7:55 | Ian Oldenburg 10:02 | Kaufman Lab 11:21 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement 12:08 | Motor cortical dynamics shaped by multiple distinct subspaces during naturalistic behavior 12:33 | Tickling Cells with Light 14:41 | Light-activated ion channels for remote control of neuronal firing 14:50 | Remote Control of Behavior through Genetically Targeted Photostimulation of Neurons 15:20 | Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity 16:03 | Red-shifted Opsins 16:52 | eNpHR: a Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications 17:26 | Genetically Targeted Optical Control of an Endogenous G Protein-Coupled Receptor 18:16 | Neural Dust 18:41 | Wireless magnetothermal deep brain stimulation 19:05 | Neural Stimulation Through Ultrasound 19:20 | Methods and Modalities: Sculpting Light 21:35 | Recent advances in patterned photostimulation for optogenetics 22:50 | Two-photon microscopy is now over 30 years old (Denk 1990) 25:22 | Optical Recording State of the Art 27:06 | Challenges of Deep Tissue 2-Photon Imaging 28:21 | Deisseroth Lab 28:29 | Temporal Precision of Optical Stimulation 29:09 | Simultaneous all-optical manipulation and recording 30:40 | Targeted Ablation in Somatosensory Cortex 33:29 | Commercially Available Fast Opsins 34:41 | Recent paper from Deisseroth Lab 41:17 | Cortical layer–specific critical dynamics triggering perception 42:21 | The Utah Array from Blackrock Neurotech 44:52 | Principles of Corticocortical Communication 50:43 | The Cost of Cortical Computation 51:27 | Behaviour-dependent recruitment of long-range projection neurons in somatosensory cortex (2013) | Spatiotemporal convergence and divergence in the rat S1 "barrel" cortex (1987) | Diverse tuning underlies sparse activity in layer 2/3 vibrissal cortex of awake mice (2019) 52:56 | Gollisch and Meister 2008 53:22 | Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) 1:05:09 | Neurotech Pub Episode 11 - Let There Be Light 1:05:20 | Forecasting the Future 1:05:41 | Temporally precise single-cell-resolution optogenetics 1:06:16 | Large Scale Ca++ Recordings from Vaziri Lab 1:07:11 | Cohen Lab 1:07:19 | All Optical Electrophysiology 1:14:19 | Emiliani et al 2015 1:16:33 | All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits 1:16:53 | Mice Strains @ Jackson Lab 1:17:00 | The Allen Institute 1:20:39 | Neuroscience and Engineering Collaborations 1:18:39 | Nicolas Pegard 1:18:47 | Adesnik Lab 1:24:41 | Shenoy, Sahani, and Churchland 2013 1:24:52 | Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings 1:25:17 | Matlab: Understanding Kalman Filters 1:25:58 | Two-photon excitation microscopy 1:26:37 | Emiliani Lab Holography course 1:26:57 | Optics by Eugene Hecht 1:28:05 | Intro to Optics Course 1:29:41 | What the Heck Is a Claustrum? 1:33:53 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement 1:34:33 | Neural Manifolds and Learning 1:35:19 | Locked-in Syndrome 1:36:58 | Sabatini Lab 1:37:07 | Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using DBS 1:39:36 | Sliman Bensmaia | Nicho Hatsopoulos 1:39:43 | The science...

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! This episode is one of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD, Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. So far, our technical dives have focused mainly on direct electrical recording and stimulation of neural activity, but in this episode we deep dive into advantages that all-optical interfaces might have over electrical interfaces, and the challenges in developing them. In addition, we talk about running highly collaborative, interdisciplinary projects that span traditional physics and engineering with biology, a theme that is ever-present in neurotech and is also highlighted in part two of this series. Cheers! Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-11-let-there-be-light Show Notes Latest news & publications since recording: >> Hillman Lab: New publication on SCAPE in Nature Biomedical Engineering >> Robinson Lab: Review article in Optica on Recent advances in lensless imaging >> Robinson Lab: BioRxiv pre-print on in vivo fluorescence imaging 1:23 | The Heart and Soul of a Paper 2:32| Ultrasmall Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities 3:01 | Robinson Lab 4:01 | Hillman Lab 4:07 | Zuckerman Institute 4:15 | Schnitzer Lab 4:25 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute 4:41| Miniature Fluorescence Microscope 9:02 | Discovery of DNA Structure and Function 10:25 | Hodgkin–Huxley Equations 13:49 | Vessel Dilation in the Brain 16:03 | State of the art of Neural Optical Recording 18:03 | Long-Term Optical Access to an Estimated One Million Neurons in Mouse Cortex 24:56 | Watch the Crystal Skull video 27:45 | High-Speed Cellular-Resolution Light Beads Microscopy 29:54 | Relationship between spiking activity and calcium imaging 32:50 | Analytical & Quantitative Light Microscopy [AQLM] 32:59 | Imaging Structure & Function in the Nervous System 35:22 | NIH Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) 35:54 | Allen Brain Atlas: Cell Types 40:17 | A Theory of Multineuronal Dimensionality, Dynamics and Measurement 46:19 | Dr. Laura Waller's DIY Diffuser Cam 50:38 | FlatCam by Robinson Lab 53:42 | Advantages of MEG 55:06| Random Access Two Photon Scanning Techniques 56:07 | Swept Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE) 58:47 | Optics Systems for Implantable BCIs 1:00:43 | GCaMP - Janelia GECI reagents 1:01:33 | DARPA NESD Program 1:04:06 | SCAPE Microscopy for High-Speed Volumetric Imaging of Behaving Organisms 1:07:00 | Glial Response to Implanted Electrodes 1:07:07 | Brain Tissue Responses to Neural Implants 1:09:36 | Two Deaths in Gene Therapy Trial for Rare Muscle Disease 1:10:46 | Intrinsic Optical Signal due to Blood Oxygenation 1:11:11 | Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal 1:12:10 | DARPA invests in Treating Mood Disorders 1:12:57 | Amygdalar Representations of Pain 1:13:48 | Fast Optical Signals: Principles, Methods, and Experimental Results 1:14:12 | Dr. Larry Cohen's early work in Neurophotonics 1:14:42 | Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Additional Resource 1:16:20 | Flavoprotein Fluorescence Imaging in Neonates | Additional Resource 1:18:02 | Pumped Probe Microscopy 1:19:26 | Biological Imaging of Chemical Bonds by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy 1:19:36 | Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy (CARS) 1:19:55 | Min Lab @ Columbia 1:20:06 | Glucose Analog for Stimulated Raman Scattering 1:20:39 | Emerging Paradigms for Aspiring Neurotechnologists Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt, Elizabeth, Jacob & Mark

Welcome back to the Season 2 premiere of Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO Matt Angle sits down with fellow Founder/CEOs Carolina Aguilar, Brian Pepin, and Kunal Ghosh to talk shop about building cutting edge neurotech companies from the ground up. We dive deep into business strategies, the neurotech fundraising landscape, emerging therapeutics, and more. We also provide an insider’s view of the intersections of data, pharma, and med devices that are shaping the future of healthcare. Pour yourself a cold one and settle in! Check out full video with transcript here: Check out video and a full episode transcript here. 00:00 | Updates & News >> INBRAIN Neuroelectronics raised a $17M Series A >> Rune Labs raised a $22.8 Million Series A >> Inscopix Launched Cloud-Based Platform for Data Management and Analysis 2:15 | Meet the panel and pick up a book 1:54 | Jester King Brewery 2:25 | Rune Labs 2:50 | Neurostimulator for deep brain stimulation therapy 3:23 | INBRAIN Neuroelectronics 4:11 | Inscopix 5:24 | Ursula K. Le Guin’s 'The Dispossessed' 6:19 | Yuval Noah Harari’s 'Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind' 6:32 | Daniel G. Miller’s 'The Tree of Knowledge' 6:40 | Jiddu Krishnamurti’s 'The Book of Life' 7:34 | Barack Obama’s 'A Promised Land,' ‘Dreams from my Father,’ & ‘The Audacity of Hope’ 7:56 | Karl Popper’s 'The Open Society and Its Enemies' 9:25 | Venture Capital in Neurotech 34:44 | Business Strategy in Neurotech 40:32 | Tom Oxley, CEO, Synchron 43:58 | Dr. Thomas Insel 44:06 | Mindstrong Mental Health Care 44:35 | Aduhelm controversy 52:25 | Galvani Bio 59:39 | Percept Neurostimulator 1:00:32 | Neuromodulation and the future of treating brain disease 1:07:21 | Software as a Medical Device FDA Guidance 1:09:12 | State of Animal Model Systems 1:14:28 | α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease 1:18:01 | Alto Neuroscience 1:18:36 | Flatiron Foundation 1:18:45 | Gaurdent Health 1:19:03 | Melanoma Trends & Rates 1:21:41 | The Pharma-Data-Device Ecosystem 1:21:42 | Frank Fischer, Chairman of Neuropace 1:22:28 | Neurotech Pub Season 1, Episode 9 1:26:35 | Roche acquisition of Flatiron Health & merger with Foundation Medicine 1:27:12 | Companion Diagnostics 1:28:29 | Adhulem and PET imaging 1:29:09 | Resignations at the FDA over Alzheimer’s Drug 1:29:32 | Derek Lowe’s take on the Aducanumab Approval, FDA Committee Votes, Halting the Aducanumab Trials, & The FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Document on Aducanumab 1:31:39 | Donanemab receives breakthrough therapy designation in 2021 1:36:58 | Mapping the Frontal-Vagal Pathway 1:37:09 | The Human Connectome Project 1:40:07 | Teal Organizations and Holacracy 1:41:18 | Society for Neuroscience 1:44:37 | Affymetrix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) 1:44:39 | Illumina Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt, Brian, Carolina, & Kunal on Twitter

Welcome to the Season 1 finale of Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with fellow Neurotech CEOs, Konstantinos Alataris, Frank Fischer, and Marcus Gerhardt. "We cover a lot in this discussion, but one of the big themes is how challenging it can be to raise money, to build neuro devices. This episode was originally recorded last winter, and it was instantly one of my favorite episodes. So like a fine wine, I laid it down until the time was right to share it with friends. Since the episode was recorded, Nesos, Paradromics, and BlackRock all had major funding announcements. Nesos and BlackRock underwent rebranding campaigns, and NeuroPace went public on Nasdaq. This podcast was recorded during a bleak winter, but our optimism proved prescient. The podcast aged well, and now the field is the strongest, best funded, and most exciting that it's ever been. I know you'll enjoy the discussion." - Matt Angle, CEO, Paradromics Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-9-building-and-funding-neurotech-companies 01:08 | Meeting Heros 08:02 | Company Origins: NeuroPace, Blackrock Neuro, and Nēsos 25:28 | Now vs Then, a Decade of Neurotech Entrepreneurship 1:04:50 | Investor Backing in Neurotech 1:20:44 | BCI Future Is Underway Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, and Blackrock Neurotech on Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, brings together memory-researchers Nanthia Suthana (Assist. Prof. of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, UCLA School of Medicine) and Gyorgy Buzsaki (Biggs Professor of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine), and scientist-entrepreneurs Dan Rizzuto (CEO of Nia Therapeutics) and Nick Halper (Co-Founder of Braingrade) to discuss memory, and memory enhancement applications of BCI. Like many of you I approached, and to some extent still do approach, the concept of memory enhancement with skepticism. But the conversation today is going to be a grounded one, and I think you will see that there is some real science here that can give us reason to be cautiously optimistic about the future of memory and BCI. I hope you enjoy the episode. - Matt Angle Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-8-the-drinks-bring-back-all-the-memories 00:43 | Guest Introductions 07:38 | Types of Memory 26:47 | Building a Memory Prosthetic 38:05 | Predicting the Future: BCI to Decode/Reconstruct Memory 46:26 | Clinical Evidence of Modulating Memory 1:02:52 | New Approaches For Enhancing Memory 1:17:48 | Closing the Research-Clinical Gap Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Nanthia Suthana, Dan Rizzuto, and Nick Halper on Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, brings together Karen Rommelfanger (Neurotech Ethicist, Strategist, and Associate Professor at Emory), Anna Wexler (Assistant Professor of Medical Ethics and Health Policy at UPenn), Ana Maiques (CEO of Neuroelectrics), and Stephanie Naufel Thacker (Technical Program Manager at Facebook Reality Labs). We talk about the role of ethicists in tech. Stephanie announces a new collaboration between Facebook and the Columbia NeuroRights program. We discuss data privacy, and I am mostly listening except for two excursions on 409A valuations and Disney’s The Little Mermaid. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-7-neurotechnology-startups-and-the-e-word 00:30 | Guest Introductions Karen Rommelfanger, PhD Ana Maiques Stephanie Naufel Thacker, PhD Anna Wexler, PhD 01:00 | The E Word 27:29 | Innovative Businesses and Ethicists Collaboration 44:05 | What Neural Data Can Reveal 56:39 | Voices Not in the Room 1:01:18 | Eroding Privilege of Mind-Body Duality Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Karen Rommelfanger, Ana Maiques, & Anna Wexler, PhD on Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, discusses the science of olfaction with Andreas Schaefer, Gabe Lavella, and Dima Rinberg. Gabe and Dima also unveil their new startup, Canaery, which uses BCI-enhanced animals to digitize the olfactory world. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-6-cyborgs-that-smell 00:10 | Guest Introductions 00:43 | What They Wanted to Be When They Were 8 Years Old 09:21 | What You Don't Know About Olfaction That You Should 16:17 | Dimensionality in Olfactory Space 22:26 | Architecture of the Olfactory System 31:24 | Natural and Artificial Olfaction 38:19 | State of the Art of Olfaction Neural Recording Modalities 46:21 | Engineered Olfactory Receptors 51:32 | Implications of High Data-Rate Olfactory BCI 1:06:19 | Olfaction Resources Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A Andreas Schaefer and Dima Rinberg on Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, discusses ethical considerations around brain-computer interfaces. Our guests are Tim Brown, Leigh Hochberg, Sydney Cash, and Amanda Pustilnik. A central theme in the discussions will be how neuroethics differ from traditional medical ethics or bioethics and what we can draw from other fields and experiences to prepare for a world where BCI is more prevalent and more powerful. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-5-a-lawyer-a-philosopher-and-two-neurologists-walk-into-a-bar 00:15 | Guest Introductions Amanda Pustilnik at Harvard Law Dr. Tim Brown at University of Washington Dr. Leigh Hochberg and Braingate Dr. Syd Cash's Cortical Physiology Lab at MGH 01:00 | Innately-Held Unproven Moral Beliefs 01:00 | Neuroethics: A Field of Its Own 06:57 | Device vs Pharmacological Brain Therapies 21:01 | When Patients and Clinicians Don't See Eye-to-Eye 41:11 | Researchers' Burden in Equitable BCI Dissemination 51:05 | Data and Privacy in a BCI World 1:06:04 | Legal Brain Data Protections, or Lack Thereof 1:22:20 | Should BCI Eradicate Disability 1:35:36 | Balancing Near-Term Utility and Long-Term Harms Neurotech Pub is a podcast from Paradromics Inc, that features heavy-hitters from academia and industry in the field of Neurotech. But unlike a traditional panel, we bring you conversations that would normally happen after the conference, while unwinding at the pub. We hope you have enjoyed this discussion, for more please checkout our other episodes. Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Tim Brown, Leigh Hochberg, Sydney Cash, and Amanda Pustilnik on Twitter

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, Vikash Gilja reprises his role as Vikash Gilja. We are also joined by Konrad Kording, Chethan Pandarinath, and Carsen Stringer. We talk about how dimensionality reduction is used to better understand large scale neural recordings. This episode is fairly technical, but it contains many great references if you are interested in learning more. We open with a brief explainer video by Paradromics’ own Aditya Singh. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-4-trading-spaces-dimensionality-reduction-for-neural-recordings 00:40 | Dimensionality Intro 04:42 | Podcast Start 07:50 | Janelia Research Campus 08:56 | Translational Neuroengineering Lab 09:35 | Stanford Neural Prosthetics Translational Lab 10:10 | Shenoy Lab 12:00 | Deep Brain Stimulation 12:57 | Chethan’s work on retinal prosthetics 15:00 | Immunology 15:20 | Jonathan Ruben 15:30 | Byron Yu 15:41 | Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit 18:00 | Joshua Tenenbaum 18:30 | Kording Lab at UPenn 18:46 | Neuromatch Academy 19:47 | Neuromatch Academy Q&A 21:21 | Dimensionality reduction for neural recordings 26:22 | The Curse of Dimensionality 30:11 | Principal Component Analysis 32:20 | Neural Firing as a Poisson Process 33:13 | Shared Variance Component Analysis 35:18 | Cross validation in large scale recording 38:29 | A theory of multineuronal dimensionality 39:10 | Random projections explained with visuals 42:24 | Correcting a reductionist bias 48:30 | Noise Correlations 49:35 | More on Noise Correlations 57:40 | LFADS 01:01:51 | What is a stationary process? 01:06:02 | Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics 01:06:46 | Task Specificity 01:07:28 | Lee Miller 01:08:18 | “I don’t know, I might be wrong” 01:13:16 | Neural Constraints on Learning 01:15:00 | A recent exciting paper from Yu and Batista Labs 01:19:01 | Hume on Causation Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Konrad Kording, Chethan Pandarinath, and Carsen Stringer on Twitter.

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Stuart Cogan, Vanessa Tolosa, Thomas Stieglitz, and Loren Rieth about how to protect neural implants from the harsh environment of the body. This discussion is all about longevity and endurance, and, fittingly, it’s almost 2 hours long. Loren leaves early for a faculty meeting--wonder if his colleagues know that he came straight from the pub? Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-3-connectors-cans-and-coatings 03:27 | UTD Neural Interfaces Lab 03:39 | EIC Labs 03:59 | Cogan’s highly-cited review paper 04:16 | Lawrence Livermore National Lab 04:56 | Rieth Lab at the Feinstein Institute 05:18 | Loren’s work with the Utah Array 05:39 | Human peripheral nerve stimulation 05:58 | Preclinical Vegus Nerve stimulation 06:11 | Stieglitz Lab 06:22 | Flexible Electrodes 06:41 | Long Lasting Electrodes 07:41 | Jerry Loeb: Materials Legend 08:29 | Phil Troyk 09:24 | North American Neuromodulation Society 10:44 | Melosh Lab at Stanford 12:53 | Packaging Development 17:02 | Helium Leak Test 19:01 | Work by Pancrazio 21:34 | Finetech-Brindley Stimulator 29:05 | Emerging technology @ University of Sydney 33:10 | Calvin and Hobbes 34:12 | Revolutionizing Prosthetics 35:00 | Canned Utah Array 35:35 | Flip-chip connecting 36:04 | Nick Donaldson: Mr. Clean 36:47 | Failure mode analysis 36:55 | Scaling up the Utah Array 37:54 | DARPA’s NESD Program 38:28 | High density Utah Array 39:52 | The Michigan Probe 40:00 | Vanessa’s work with Loren Frank 42:05 | Parylene C encapsulation 42:56 | Thin film 44:15 | Clean rooms 46:50 | NeuroRoots 47:28| Test structures 49:17 | Implant size 50:35 | Testing strategies 52:40 | NeuroNexus 53:59 | Tissue response studies 54:27 | Cogan Lab’s work on Silicon Carbide 56:10 | DARPA’s HAPTIX Program 56:30 | Reactive Accelerated Aging (RAA) 58:15 | RAA with hydrogen peroxide 58:55 | Deep Brain Stimulation 01:02:55 | Hydrolysis 01:09:00 | Silicon Carbide device 01:10:26 | Neuropixels collaboration 01:19:05 | Atomic Layer Deposition 01:26:55 | Focused research orgs 01:36:14 | Second Sight 01:43:48 | Search for Paradise by Jens Naumaunn Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A on Twitter.

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Beata Jarosiewicz, Vikash Gilja, Sergey Stavisky, and Frank Willett about how brain computer interfaces can be used to restore communication in patients with tetraplegia. They take a deep dive into state of the art thought-to-text technology compared with the current state of speech decoding. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-2-what-weve-got-here-is-failure-to-communicate 1:49 Braingate Clinical Trial Program | 2:32 Beata’s New Job at Neuralink | 2:43 Stanford Neural Prosthetics Translational Laboratory | 2:53 Leigh Hochberg | 3:05 Andy Schwartz | 5:14 2020 BCI Award| 8:44 Subjective Experience of Control | 10:39 Closed Loop Calibration | 12:08 Animal Models for Prosthesis Development | 14:21 Keyboard Optimization | 15:33 Tablet PC Control Papers | See Also | 16:01 Palm Pilot Graffiti | 16:24 Frank’s Preprint on Handwriting | 17:40 Video Abstract on Frank’s Work | 21:38 Penfield and Boldrey 1937 | 22:04 A Quick, Lay Summary of Penfield’s Work | 24:21 Hand Knob | 26:43 Output-Null Neural State Space Dimensions | 34:23 Matt Kaufman’s Work | 38:29 Vikash’s work with Paul Nuyujukian | 39:07 Mark Churchland | 42:01 Review Paper by Eb Fetz | 44:18 Chang Lab at UCSF | 44:46 Robert Knight’s Group on Speech Decoding | Imagined Speech | 50:38 Speech Decoding in Hand Knob | 50:55 Phoneme Decoding | 52:48 Auditory Decoding in NHPs | 54:58 Moses et al., 2019| 55:12 Makin et al., 2020 | 1:07:11 Nir’s Paper on Error Signals | Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A and Sergey Stavisky on Twitter

Welcome to Neurotech Pub, hosted by Paradromics Inc and SynBioBeta. In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Tim Harris, Cindy Chestek, and Philip "Flip" Sabes about the big programmatic challenges in neurotechnology. We talk about the differences between labs, startups, and large research consortia. We discuss the difference between neuroscience and neuroengineering, and Tim explains how one of the biggest breakthroughs in neurophysiology was the product of….lawyers. Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-1-biologists-engineers-and-lawyers 2:04 Jester King Brewery, Dripping Springs, TX | 3:03 Bell Labs | 7:31 Michael Jordan | 9:05 Krishna Shenoy and Reid Harrison | 9:49 Stevenson's Law | 12:10 The Utah Array | 13:43 Neuropixels | 14:06 Dendrites by Nelson Sprusten, Greg Stuart, and Michael Häusser | 24:47 Low-power neural signal processing by Chestek Lab | 26:54 Spike sorting, Dimensionality, and Decoding | 27:30 Neural Task Complexity | 28:43 A 16-beam system that records ~1,000 neurons @ ~10 Hz | 32:16 The Braingate clinical trials | 34:15 Using Muscles as Bioelectronic Amplifiers in Peripheral Nerve Applications | 35:28 Jack Judy, University of Florida | 37:59 Touch Sensation | 38:06 DARPA HAPTIX Program | 39:22 Muscle Taco | 41:22 Janelia Research Campus | 45:59 Steliglitz Lab | 50:50 Power Consumption | 54:31 Eddie Chang and Chang Lab | 55:20 Buzsaki Paper | 55:45 BioRxiv pre-print on the Paradromics Argo System | 56:16 NeuroGrid: Recording Action Potentials from the Surface of the Brain | 1:01:30 Physical Principles for Scalable Neural Recording | 1:02:03 Pierebone lab’s work with DARPA | 1:04:18 Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrodes | 1:05:05 IMEC work with nanolaminate | 1:05:05 Picosun and Brown University | 1:05:16 Stuart Cogan | 1:05:18 Michel Maharbiz | 1:07: 08 Takashi Kozai and Daryl Kipke | 1:09:44 Utah Array, Blackrock Microsystems | 1:12:29 DBS for Depression | 1:18:37 The Sewing Machine | 1:22:32 Paradromics Laser Surgical Tool | 1:22:42 Recent Papers from Schaefer and Melosh Group | 1:23:46 Tim Gardner's work on Carbon Fiber Arrays | 1:23:54 Mechanics of Microwire Penetration | 1:25:38 FDA scientists work on Accelerated Aging | Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Tim Harris, Cindy Chestek, and Philip "Flip" Sabes on Twitter