Observing With Webb

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Venus shines bright at sunset all month, with Mars nearby, while Saturn, Jupiter, and even Mercury shine in the mornings, and the Beehive Cluster gets two wandering guests, all in the solstice month of June. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset Throughout the night - None Morning – (from left to right) Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn EVENTS Full Moon – 3rd (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 10th (Visible midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 17th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 26th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) 2nd – Mars, Beehive Cluster (M44) – Find that dull red dot in the sky which is Mars, then take some binoculars out, or a telescope, and witness Mars being directly in M44, the Beehive Cluster, so named because of its resemblance to a swarm of bees. The day before and after, Mars will be on either side of the cluster. Definitely worth at least a look, if not a picture. 9th + 10th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER - Moon, Saturn – Get up early, look SE, and find a gibbous Moon with Saturn about 8˚ above and to the left on the morning on the 9th. On the 10th, the Moon will have moved to be 7˚ down and to the left of Saturn. 13th – Venus, Beehive Cluster (M44) – Find that bright brilliant dot in the sky which is Venus, then take some binoculars out, or a telescope, and witness Venus being ALMOST directly in M44, the Beehive Cluster. The day before and after, Venus will be on either side of the cluster. Definitely worth at least a look, if not a picture. 14th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER - Moon, Jupiter – Get up early, after 3am, look E, and find a very thin crescent Moon with bright Jupiter only 2˚ to right. 21st – Summer Solstice – This is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. There’s a bit of explanation as to why here. 20th – 22nd – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Venus, Mars – Check this out right after sunset! Look West and you’ll easily see Venus being super bright. Each day, Mars will be about 5˚ (or three finger-widths) up and to the left of Venus. The best part is the Moon traveling through. On the 20th, a super-duper thin Moon will be about 13˚ down and to the right of Venus. But on the 21st, the Moon moves to be just 3˚ to the right of Venus, and is a little bigger and easier to spot. Then, on the 22nd, the Moon moves up and to the left again, forming a nice curved line with Mars and Venus. Definitely worth a look, though pictures will prove to be difficult, given the relative brightness of each object. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner, Before Bed: Spring Constellations: Big Dipper, Bootes, Virgo, Corona Borealis, Hercules – Gaze almost vertically as you face the NW, and you’ll easily find the Big Dipper: seven very bright stars that form a spoon shape. Now if you take the handle of the Dipper, follow its curve to the next bright star you see, about 20˚ away, which is Arcturus. “Follow the arc to Arcturus.” That’s the brightest star in Bootes, which looks like a kite. Take that same curve, and follow it about another 20˚ to “speed on to Spica”, the brightest star in Virgo, one of my favorite constellations, since it reminds me of the Dickinson Mermaid. Now go back to Bootes, and just to the left of Bootes are seven stars that form the northern crown Corona Borealis, which looks more like a small bowl or a “C” in the sky. Continue a little further to the left and you’ll find the keystone asterism which is part of the constellation...

LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Thanksgiving, 3 planets, a meteor shower (with the possibility of a storm), and a TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE. November is going to be great! Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset Throughout the night Morning EVENTS First Quarter Moon – 1st (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 8th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 16th (Visible midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 23rd (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 30th (Visible until midnight) 4th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Jupiter – A waxing gibbous Moon is below Jupiter by just 3˚. Visible all night. 6th – Daylight Savings Time Ends 8th – TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE – Only the West coast of the U.S. can pretty much see all of it, with the rest of the U.S. seeing only portions before sunrise. Here’s the game plan: 4:09am EST – Partial Eclipse Begins – Just look West to find the Full Moon, and watch as the Earth’s shadow appears to nibble on the Moon from the top down, but a little off-center to the left. This phase will last about an hour, and the Moon will drop about 10˚ closer to the horizon. (You might hear that the penumbral portion of the eclipse starts before this. While true, it is essentially undetectable with the naked eye.) 5:16am EST – Totality Begins – Now the umbra of the Earth’s shadow is completely engulfing the Moon, and only the light from all the sunrises and sunsets on Earth are illuminating our orbital partner’s surface, making it appear anywhere from dark yellow to orange to red to brown. This phase will last almost an hour and a half, leading into dawn for those of us on the east coast. 6:42am EST – Totality ends, Partiality begins again – now the shadow leaves the Moon, starting to expose its surface from the top down. 7:49am EST – Partial Eclipse Ends, but the Sun is up and the Moon is setting. Other things to notice during the eclipse 10th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Mars – The Moon is 6˚ above and to the right of Mars. Visible in the NE around 8:30pm, and high in the W by sunrise. 17th – 18th – Leonid Meteor Shower – This annual, weak (10-15 per hour), meteor shower can have some wonderful years. Could this be one of those years? MAYBE. Some predict we could get up to 250-300 meteors per hour after midnight on the 18th. Am I banking on it? No. But am I going out anyway? Absolutely. I wouldn’t want to miss it, and I don’t need to set anything up to witness a meteor storm. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or hammock Look around Leo’s head. That is where the radiant is - where the meteors will appear to be coming from. The strategy to observe this year is to get out there whenever you can, but the later you stay up, the more you’ll see, since the radiant will be higher and you’ll be closer to the peak. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) That said, you never know when a nice meteor will burn up, to take a nice look at the sky in general, noting that the meteors will appear to go from the radiant in the head of Leo and outward. 25th – Thanksgiving – After feasting, get out and find the Moon and 3 planets! A two day old Moon will be visible just after sunset, but not for long, maybe an hour, in the SW. Get a clear view of the horizon. As dusk darkens, find brightest...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Halloween month brings us some spooooooooky astronomy. Saturn and Jupiter soar ominously above, Mars creeps in, and rocks fall from the sky. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset Throughout the night Morning EVENTS Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 2nd (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 9th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 17th (Visible midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 25th (darkest skies) 5th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Saturn – The Waxing Gibbous Moon is just 6˚ below and to the left of Saturn. Visible after sunset in the SSE, and past midnight. 8th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Jupiter – The essentially Full Moon is below Jupiter by just 4˚. Visible all night. 14th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Mars – The Moon is just 3˚ above Mars. Visible in the NE around 9:30pm, and high in the SSW by sunrise. 20th – 22nd – Orionid Meteor Shower – Usually a decent meteor shower, producing around 15 meteors per hour. This year we don’t have to worry about the Moon, since it won’t rise until very early morning as a crescent. Get out there whenever you can, let your eyes get dark adapted (don’t look at your phone), find a nice spot to lie down away from light pollution, be patient, and look at the whole sky, with an understanding that they will be coming from a spot in Orion’s club. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or hammock Look above Orion’s head, near his club. That is where the radiant is - where the meteors will appear to be coming from. The strategy to observe this year is to get out there whenever you can, but the later you stay up, the more you’ll see, since the radiant will be higher and you’ll be closer to the peak. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) 31st – Halloween – Halloween will have three great telescopic objects to find: a thick crescent Moon in the South, a super bright Jupiter toward the SE, and Saturn in between the two. If you have a telescope, this would be a FANTASTIC year for getting the scope out for some sidewalk astronomy. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: The Summer Triangle: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Delphinus - Look straight up before 8pm and you’ll be able to see Lyra (the Harp), Cygnus (the Swan), Aquila (the Eagle), (and Delphinus the Dolphin.) These three constellations have the three brightest stars of the summer constellations (Vega, Deneb, Altair – respectively.) Those bright stars create the summer triangle. Off to the east of this is the small but beautiful constellation of Delphinus. If you’re under dark skies (away from city lights) you may just catch a glimpse of the Milky Way passing through Cygnus and Aquila. Before Bed: Fall Constellations: Pegasus & Andromeda - Look pretty much straight up before 10pm and you’ll be able to see the Great Square of Pegasus, with Andromeda curving off of one corner. If your skies are decently dark, you might catch the faint fuzz that is the Andromeda Galaxy. Before Work: Orion – Look south to find the vertical bow-tie that is Orion the Hunter. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and iTunes. There’s also a video version on my YouTube Channel and I can be...

(In a week or two...) WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram 2022 is the summer of morning planets! Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus are all quite prominent, with Mercury stopping by in June. Throughout the summer, get up early to see the weeks where the Moon drives by the planets, and maybe catch a few meteors in August, as some of the planets return to the evening skies. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset – only in August Throughout the night – Saturn & Jupiter – about 45˚ apart Morning – Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn ALL SUMMER The basic setup for the 3 months is, from left to right, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, all easily visible in the morning sky. They start June within 70˚ of each other from East to South, ending August with Venus and Saturn on complete opposite sides of the sky. How far apart are they from each other? Below are the measurements between each planet in the lineup, on the 1st of each month. June 1: Venus – 28˚ – Mars – 2˚ – Jupiter – 38˚ – Saturn Mercury – joins the party for much of June, getting to within 10˚ of Venus mid-month. Just look down and to the left of Venus. July 1: Venus – 42˚ – Mars – 20˚ – Jupiter – 43˚ – Saturn August 1: Venus – 60˚ – Mars – 40˚ – Jupiter – 45˚ – Saturn August 31: Venus – 77˚ – Mars – 60˚ – Jupiter – 46˚ – Saturn EVENTS Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – June 7th/July 6th/August 5th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – June 14th/July 13th/August 11th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – June 20th/July 20th/August 19th (Visible midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – June 28th/July 28th/August 27th (darkest skies) June 1st – CONJUNCTION – Jupiter, Mars – Jupiter is less than 2˚ away from Mars in the ESE. You can start seeing them after 3am. June 17th - 27th – June’s Lunar Close Encounters – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus – The Moon joins the sunrise planet party, starting near Saturn on the 17th and ending to the left of Mercury on the 27th. June 21st – Summer Solstice – This is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. There’s a bit of explanation as to why here. July 15th – 16th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Saturn – The Moon is down and to the right of Saturn on the 15th, and down and to the left of Saturn on the 16th. Visible starting 10:45pm due SE. July 19th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Jupiter – The Moon is down and to the left of Jupiter by just 4˚. Visible starting 12:30am due East. July 21st – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Mars – The Moon is just 3˚ to the right of Mars. Visible starting 1:15am due East. July 26th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Venus – A wonderfully thin crescent Moon will be just 4˚ above bright Venus. Visible starting 4:15am due East. August 11th – CLOSE ENCOUNTER – Moon, Saturn – The Full Moon is just 5˚ below Saturn. Visible after sunset in the SE. August 11th – 12th – Perseid Meteor Shower – Not a great year for the Perseids, given the very full Moon. In decent skies, you could watch 60 meteors per hour, and you should be able to see some very bright ones here and there the week before and after. However, the light pollution from the Moon will interfere with many of them, as well as your night vision. But, that doesn’t mean you should give up. You never know when a really bright one will light up the sky. Remember, you’re seeing the bits of dust left over from Comet Swift-Tuttle burning up as they crash into the atmosphere at 37 miles per second. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Lunar Eclipse Month!!! Get ready for a May that boasts a wonderful blood moon and an array of morning planets all month long. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset – Mercury (first week of May) Throughout the night – None Morning – Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn (SE) Let’s use Venus as our guidepost for the month, as it is the most visible object in the morning sky. EVENTS Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 8th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 17th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 22nd (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 30th (darkest skies) 1st – CONJUNCTION – Jupiter, Venus – Less than 1˚ apart, Jupiter and Venus rise together this morning. Get out and look low in the East after 4:30am (when they rise) for the brightest object, Venus, with Jupiter barely up and to the right. 2nd – Close Encounter – Mercury, Pleiades, Moon – Get out just after sunset, with a nice view of the NWN horizon. The first light in the sky will be Mercury, in its crescent phase, with the Pleiades about 2˚ down and to the right. Get your binoculars and scopes out! The Moon can also be your guide, being 4˚ up and to the left of Mercury. 15th – 16th – TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE – Sunday night into Monday morning Watch the Moon pass through the Earth’s shadow and witness the light from all the sunrises and sunsets on Earth at the same time! No telescope needed for this event! (Though it will certainly make the event even cooler) Make sure you have a view of the Moon. For those of us on the east coast, you’ll be looking South about 25˚ above the horizon. Those nearby trees could get in the way. Try going out the night before from 10pm to midnight. The moon will be in a similar direction, but about 5˚ higher on the 14th. 21st - 27th – Close Encounter – Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Saturn – The Moon joins the sunrise planet party this week! To set the scene, each morning get out between 4:30am and 5am, and you’ll be able to see Venus, with Jupiter to the right about 15˚, Mars to the right of that 5˚, and Saturn about 30˚ even further to the right of Mars. From left to right, that’s Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn. What happens over the next week or so is the Moon travels through the lineup. The Moon is about 15˚ to the right of Saturn on Saturday the 21st, but moves to about 5˚ below Saturn on Sunday the 22nd. Monday morning it’s between Saturn and Mars, and makes a nice triangle with Mars and Jupiter on Tuesday the 24th. On the 25th, The Moon lines up perfectly with a line connecting Mars and Jupiter. Thursday the 26th, you’ll have a beautiful crescent Moon less than 10˚ to the right of Venus, and the next morning it switches over to the other side of Venus. 29th – 30th – CONJUNCTION – Jupiter, Mars – Just like early in the month, but this time with Mars, Jupiter is less than 1˚ away from a fellow planet of in the ESE. This time, though, you can start seeing them after 3am. CONSTELLATIONS Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner, Before Bed: Leo, Big Dipper, Bootes – Leo will be high in the South, almost straight above you. It has a backward question mark with a right triangle to the left of the question. If you look above Leo, behind you and high in the sky, you should find the Big Dipper: seven very bright stars that form a spoon shape. Now if you take the handle of the Dipper, follow its curve to the next bright star you see, about 30˚ away, which is Arcturus. “Follow the arc to...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Quite the exciting month for planets…if you like getting up early. 4 of the 5 visible planets are hanging out together in the mornings, with Mercury having its best apparition for the year in the evenings, along with two conjunctions of morning planets and some possible meteors. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset – Mercury (last week or two of April) Throughout the night – None Morning – Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn (SE) Let’s use Venus as our guidepost for the month, as it is the most visible object in the morning sky. EVENTS New Moon – 1st (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 9th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 16th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 23rd (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) 5th – CONJUNCTION – MARS, SATURN – The first of a couple conjunctions this month, go out early in the morning after about 5am and find Venus (the brightest one). About 7˚ to the right of Venus will be both Mars and Saturn less than half a degree apart. Them being so close should allow some good telescope opportunities, astrophotos, and a chance to see how differently colored they are, Mars being red, Saturn typically described as light caramel. 22nd – LYRID METEOR SHOWER – At only 10-20 meteors per hour, it is a minor shower, and we have a Moon washing out the fainter ones starting at 2:30am. You’ll still be able to see SOME meteors at night, but don’t get too excited. The shower is greatest on the 22nd, but you might see some on the 21st and 23rd as well. Just remember each meteor is piece of debris left over from a comet, and we’re crashing into it at over 100,000 miles per hour, which crushes the atmosphere it hits, heating it up and causing the bright flash. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or something that insulates you from the ground. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) 23rd - 27th – Close Encounter – Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Saturn – The Moon joins the sunrise planet party this week! To set the scene, each morning get out between 4:30am and 5am, and you’ll be able to see Venus, with Jupiter to the left 6˚, Mars to the right 13˚, and Saturn about 13˚ further to the right. From left to right, that’s Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Saturn. What happens over the next week or so is the Moon travels through the lineup. On the 23rd, the Moon is 22˚ to the right of Saturn, and then move to only about 10˚ to the right on the 24th. On the 25th, the Moon moves between and below Mars and Saturn, making a nice triangle. Then it switches dance partners up on the 26th, moving between and below Venus and Mars. Finally, on the 27th the Moon is closest to some planets for this trip, about 5˚ below both Venus and Jupiter. 30th – CONJUNCTION – Jupiter, Venus – Only ½˚ apart! Get out there by 5am at the latest (they rise at 4:30am) and look ESE with a decently low horizon and find the VERY bright Venus with also bright Jupiter less than a pinky-width to the left. Get out that telescope and see both of them in the same view! 30th – Close Encounter – Mercury, Pleiades – Get out just after sunset, with a nice view of the NWN horizon. The first light in the sky will be Mercury, in its crescent phase, with the Pleiades...

Why get out there in the cold of December and January? It’s a time of transitions and wonder. We’ve got two meteor showers, plenty of lunar encounters, potentially a comet, planets visible but changing, and very long nights. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Venus, Saturn, Jupiter (and a week of weak Mercury in January) Throughout the night – None Morning – Mars?, then Venus in January EVENTS... December Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 4th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 10th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 18th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 26th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) January New Moon – 2nd (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 9th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 17th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 25th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) December – Comet Leonard – There is much to say about an comet; it’s track, speed, brightness. Many variables interfere with being able to say what you’re going to see, if you even see it at all. At this time, keep an eye out and ears open on social media regarding this comet. It passes closest to us on the 12th, and might just become naked-eye visible at some point this month, but there’s more to consider. When will the Moon be up? How close to the horizon will it be? Will it get lost in dusk? December 6th – 10th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter – What a great 5 days of lunar encounters! We know the planetary setup from the past couple months. Venus is low in the SW, but SUPER bright and easy to find. Hold your fist out in front of you with your pinky and pointer fingers extended, and move one width (15˚) up and to the left and you’ll find Saturn. Go another 15˚ and you’ll see much brighter Jupiter. But starting on the 6th, a very thin crescent Moon joins this party. On the 6th, the Moon is just 4˚ below Venus. Each night the Moon will move to the left 13˚, and get a bit thicker. Hence, on the 7th, it will be 6˚ below Saturn. On the 8th 8˚ below and to the right of Jupiter. On the 9th, about the same distance away from Jupiter, but to the left. Finally, on the 10th, the Moon starts migrating away from our bright planets, being about 15˚ away from Jupiter, making a nice evenly spaced line up of celestial objects. December 13th – 14th – Geminid Meteor Shower – This is a decent year for the strongest annual meteor shower known as the Geminids, especially if you don’t mind getting up early. The waxing gibbous Moon will make evening observing less fruitful, given its light pollution, but it will set around 3am, which is also when the peak will occur. So get out there in the morning and take advantage of the possible 150 meteors per hour! But be well prepared… S&TIMO December 21st – Winter Solstice - The longest night and shortest day of the year for the Northern Hemisphere. More info here: http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html December 31st – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars, Antares – After 5:30am, but before sunrise, find a great view of the SE horizon, and you’ll find a VERY thin crescent Moon, with ruddy red Mars just below it and to the left, and Antares (known as the “rival of Mars”) just below and to the right of the Moon. January 1st – Mercury Appears – Mercury doesn’t make much of an appearance these two months, however, you might be able to catch it this evening. Watch the sun set, find Venus (super bright in the SW), and...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Why get out there at night in November? It’s Lunar Eclipse Month! Well, partially… Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter are rocking the sunsets, we technically have a meteor shower, turkey day night will be awesome, and, most importantly, we can witness an almost total lunar eclipse. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Venus, Saturn, Jupiter Throughout the night – None Morning – None EVENTS... Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 4th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 11th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 19th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 27th (Visible from midnight into the morning) 2nd – 3rd – Close Encounter – Moon, Mercury – Even though this would be a tough find, maybe you’ll get lucky. Look ESE after 6:30am, but before sunrise. You might catch a glimpse of a VERY thin crescent Moon VERY low on the horizon. If you’re even luckier, you’ll see Mercury just 3˚ (pinky-widths held at arm’s length) below it. In this moment you are looking at two objects in the solar system that, when shown up-close pictures, are often confused for each other. 7th – Daylight Savings Time Ends 7th – 12th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter – What a great week of encounters! Imagine the planetary setup. Venus is low in the SW, but SUPER bright and easy to find. Hold your fist out in front of you with your pinky and pointer fingers extended, and move three of these widths (15˚ each) up and to the left and you’ll find the pretty darn bright planet Jupiter (the brightest part of that area of the sky). If you backtrack 1/3 of the way toward Venus, you’ll find the modestly bright Saturn. But starting on the 7th, a very thin crescent Moon joins this party. On the 7th, the Moon is all the way to right of them, just 4˚ to the right of Venus. Each night the Moon will move to the left 13˚, and get a bit thicker. Hence, on the 8th, it will be between Venus and Saturn, but closer to Venus. On the 9th, still in between, but closer to Saturn. Then on the 10th, the Moon moves to about 5˚ below and to the left of Saturn. On the 11th 5˚ below and to the left of Jupiter, and now a First Quarter Moon. Finally, on the 12th, the Moon starts migrating away from our bright planets, being 15˚ away from Jupiter. 17th – Leonid Meteor Shower – This annual, weak (10-15 per hour), meteor shower can have some wonderful years. This is not one of them Why? We essentially have an almost Full Moon, so there’s far too much light pollution interfering with our observing. That said, you never know when a nice meteor will burn up, to take a nice look at the sky in general, noting that the meteors will appear to go from the radiant in the head of Leo and outward. 19th – Partial Lunar Eclipse (almost Total) – This one snuck up on me! 97% of the Moon’s surface will be in the shadow of the Earth at the deepest part of this eclipse, making it a partial lunar eclipse, meaning that 3% of the Moon (just a sliver) will be lit up, while the rest is somewhere between a dark yellow and brown. North America can pretty much see all of it, with the rest of the world seeing only portions. Here’s the game plan: 2:18am EST – Partial Eclipse Begins – Just look West-ish to find the Full Moon, and watch as the Earth’s shadow appears to nibble on the Moon from the top down, but a little off-center to the right. It will take about 1 hour and 45 minutes to reach maximum eclipse. (You might hear that the penumbral portion of the eclipse starts before this. While true,...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram An annual meteor shower, three great planets all visible right after sunset, with visits from the Moon, a space launch, and a night where many people are out make October of 2021 a wonderful month for getting out with or without your telescope. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Venus Throughout the night – Saturn, Jupiter Morning – Mercury (last two weeks) EVENTS... Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 6th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 12th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 20th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 28th (Visible from midnight into the morning) 9th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Get out there and watch the sunset (6:33pm) and hang out until you see bright Venus with a thin crescent Moon just 2˚ above it. The following night, the Moon will move to the left and up from Venus. 13th – 15th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – Any time after sunset, get out there and look South to find the Moon, Saturn, and Jupiter. On the 13th, they line up with Jupiter on the left, Saturn in the middle, and the Moon down and to the right. The next night, the Moon passes below the two gas planets. Then, on the 15th the Moon moves down and to the left of Jupiter. All three move westward throughout each night, setting between 3am and 4am. 20th – 22nd – Orionid Meteor Shower – Usually a decent meteor shower, producing around 15 meteors per hour. However, the Moon is full this year, making it tough to see the faint ones. Get out there whenever you can, let your eyes get dark adapted (don’t look at your phone), find a nice spot to lie down away from light pollution, be patient, and look at the whole sky, with an understanding that they will be coming from a spot in Orion’s club. You won’t see a ton, but you might catch a couple good ones this year. 31st – Halloween – Halloween will be a moonless night this year, with Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter nicely visible. If you have a telescope, this would be a FANTASTIC year for getting the scope out for some sidewalk astronomy (Covid-safe, of course). Also, Space X will be launching the Crew-3 mission on a Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It will carry 4 astronauts to the International Space Station. It’s the third operational astronaut flight to the ISS, using a Crew Dragon Spacecraft. This should be easily watchable on YouTube. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: The Summer Triangle: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Delphinus - Look straight up before 8pm and you’ll be able to see Lyra (the Harp), Cygnus (the Swan), Aquila (the Eagle), (and Delphinus the Dolphin.) These three constellations have the three brightest stars of the summer constellations (Vega, Deneb, Altair – respectively.) Those bright stars create the summer triangle. Off to the east of this is the small but beautiful constellation of Delphinus. If you’re under dark skies (away from city lights) you may just catch a glimpse of the Milky Way passing through Cygnus and Aquila. Before Bed: Fall Constellations: Pegasus & Andromeda - Look pretty much straight up before 10pm and you’ll be able to see the Great Square of Pegasus, with Andromeda curving off of one corner. If your skies are decently dark, you might catch the faint fuzz that is the Andromeda Galaxy. Before Work: Orion – Look south to find the vertical bow-tie that is Orion the Hunter. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and...

Observing With Webb September 2021 WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Three great planets all visible right after sunset, with visits from the Moon, make September of 2021 a calm, but convenient month for breaking out that telescope. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Venus Throughout the night – Saturn, Jupiter Morning – None EVENTS... Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 6th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 13th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 20th (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 28th (Visible from midnight into the morning) 9th – 10th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Get out there and watch the sunset (7:22pm) and hang out until you see bright Venus with a thin crescent Moon directly to the right of it on the 9th. The following night, the Moon will move to the left and up from Venus. 15th – 19th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – Anytime after sunset, get out there and look SE to find the Moon, Saturn, and Jupiter. On the 15th, they line up with Jupiter on the left, Saturn in the middle, and the Moon on the right. After this, the Moon passes by the two gas planets, being just below Saturn on the 16th, down and to the right of Jupiter on the 17th, and to the left of both planets on the 18th and 19th. All three move westward throughout each night, setting between 3am and 4am. 22nd– Fall Equinox – When all locations on Earth experience a day of almost exactly 12 hours and a night of almost exactly 12 hours. It is the astronomical first day of fall, even though meteorologically it typically starts in the beginning of September. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Sagittarius – Use binoculars (or even a telescope) and a star chart to scan through the southern constellation of Sagittarius. There are at least 7 easily visible clusters and nebulas up and to the right of the “teapot” of Sagittarius. The Summer Triangle: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Delphinus - Look straight up before 10pm and you’ll be able to see Lyra (the Harp), Cygnus (the Swan), Aquila (the Eagle), (and Delphinus the Dolphin.) These three constellations have the three brightest stars of the summer constellations (Vega, Deneb, Altair – respectively.) Those bright stars create the summer triangle. Off to the east of this is the small but beautiful constellation of Delphinus. If you’re under dark skies (away from city lights) you may just catch a glimpse of the Milky Way passing through Cygnus and Aquila. If you’re looking past 10pm, they’ll be moving toward the West and lower in the sky. Before Work: Cassiopeia – Just a few degrees below the zenith, in the North, is the Queen. Just look North and tilt your head almost all the way up, and you’ll see the 5 bright stars that form an M or upside down W in the sky, depending on what font you normally use. The angle on the left will be ALMOST a right angle, with the one on the right being obtuse. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and iTunes. There’s also a video version on my YouTube Channel and I can be found on Twitter and Instagram as @mrwebbpv. The Pequea Valley Planetarium and its events and updates are on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as @pvplanetarium.

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram August is good for two things in the sky: bright planets and bright meteors. Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter reign supreme this month, with the annual Perseid Meteor Shower heating things up with spectacular observing conditions for mid-month. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Venus Throughout the night – Saturn, Jupiter Morning – Saturn, Jupiter EVENTS... Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 8th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 15th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 22nd (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 30th (Visible from midnight into the morning) August 10th – 11th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Get out there and watch the sunset (8:07pm) and hang out until you see bright Venus with a thin crescent Moon directly to the right of it on the 10th. The following night, the Moon will move to the left and up from Venus. August 11th – 12th – Perseid Meteor Shower – An EXCELLENT year for the Perseids! In decent skies, you can watch 60 meteors per hour, and you should be able to see some very bright ones here and there the week before and after. Remember, you’re seeing the bits of dust left over from Comet Swift-Tuttle burning up as they crash into the atmosphere at 37 miles per second. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or hammock Look toward Perseus (In the NE, rises throughout the night until sunrise where it will be almost directly above.) That is where the radiant is - where the meteors will appear to be coming from. The strategy to observe this year is to get out there whenever you can, but the later you stay up, the more you’ll see, since the radiant will be higher. The shower is usually technically active from mid-July to late August, so you may see some Perseids in the days leading up to and after the peak as well. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) 19th – 22nd – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – Anytime after 9pm, get out there and look SE to find the Moon, Saturn, and Jupiter. On the 19th, they line up with Jupiter on the left, Saturn in the middle, and the Moon on the right. After this, the Moon passes by the two gas planets, being just below Saturn on the 20th, down and to the right of Jupiter on the 21st, and to the left of both planets on the 22nd. All three move westward throughout each night, setting between 4am and 6am. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner, Before Bed: Spring Constellations: Big Dipper, Bootes, Virgo, Corona Borealis, Hercules – Gaze almost vertically as you face the NW, and you’ll easily find the Big Dipper: seven very bright stars that form a spoon shape. Now if you take the handle of the Dipper, follow its curve to the next bright star you see, about 30˚ away, which is Arcturus. “Follow the arc to Arcturus.” That’s the brightest star in Bootes, which looks like a kite. Take that same curve, and follow it about another 20˚ to “speed on to Spica”, the brightest star in Virgo, one of my favorite constellations, since it reminds me of the Dickinson Mermaid. Now go back to Bootes, and just to the left of Bootes are seven stars that form the northern crown Corona Borealis, which looks more like a small bowl or a “C” in the...

Like fireworks, July is mostly quiet and dull, but the noisy and bright events really make it worthwhile. We have two pairs of planets, visible during opposite times in opposite places, and surreptitious visits from the Moon. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS Sunset – Mars, Venus Throughout the night – Saturn, Jupiter Morning – Saturn, Jupiter EVENTS Last Quarter Moon – 1st (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 9th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 17th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 23rd (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 30th (Visible from midnight into the morning) July 11th – 14th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus, Mars – Not only are Mars and Venus getting less than a degree from each other on the 12th, the Moon is joining the party! Get out there after sunset, but before 9:30 and look West. The easiest to find will likely be the bright beacon known as Venus. On the 11th, Mars will be only a pinky-width to the left, but very dim, while a 2 day old crescent Moon hangs out about 3 finger-widths to the right at about the same height. The best night is likely the 12th, when Mars and Venus are half as far apart as the previous night, and the Moon is thicker and easier to find just 6˚ up and to the left, with Leo the lion right above the Moon. Over the next two nights, the Moon leaves the party, through Leo, and Mars and Venus separate, but are still in the same area. Get out those binoculars and telescopes! Find a good horizon! You’ll be looking at the three closest worlds to earth all in one view! 22nd – 26th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – After 10:30pm look SE, or before dawn look SW to find the Moon, with bright Jupiter and Saturn nearby. The Moon is far to the right of Saturn on the nights of the 22nd and 23rd. On the 24th the Moon moves in between the planets, and closes in below Jupiter on the 25th, and leaves this party on the 26th. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner, Before Bed: Spring Constellations: Big Dipper, Bootes, Virgo, Corona Borealis, Hercules – Gaze almost vertically as you face the NW, and you’ll easily find the Big Dipper: seven very bright stars that form a spoon shape. Now if you take the handle of the Dipper, follow its curve to the next bright star you see, about 20˚ away, which is Arcturus. “Follow the arc to Arcturus.” That’s the brightest star in Bootes, which looks like a kite. Take that same curve, and follow it about another 20˚ to “speed on to Spica”, the brightest star in Virgo, one of my favorite constellations, since it reminds me of the Dickinson Mermaid. Now go back to Bootes, and just to the left of Bootes are seven stars that form the northern crown Corona Borealis, which looks more like a small bowl or a “C” in the sky. Continue a little further to the left and you’ll find the keystone asterism which is part of the constellation Hercules. Extra Challenge! Look for M13, the Hercules Cluster in between two of Hercules’ “keystone” stars. It known as the best globular cluster in the northern skies. It will be a fuzzy spot in binoculars and will be even cooler through a telescope Summer Constellations: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila – Look pretty much straight above you, and find the brightest star up there. You’ll notice a parallelogram attached to it. This is the brightest star Vega, part of the constellation Lyra, the harp. Directly above you will be Cygnus the Swan, with its brightest star Deneb. It will look like a large cross, or if you look out a little further, a swan flying above you. Below Cygnus and Lyra is the third constellation of the...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram TWO eclipses, a great apparition of Mercury, Mars passing through an open cluster, and all the naked-eye planets visible make May and June of 2021 an action-packed pair of months. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Mars, Mercury, Venus Throughout the night – None at the moment Morning – Saturn, Jupiter EVENTS... May Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 3rd (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 11th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 19th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 26th (Visible all night) June Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 2nd (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 10th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 18th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 24th (Visible all night) May 3rd – 5th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – Before sunrise in the SE, between 3:30am and 6am EDT on these mornings, a beautiful crescent Moon will be passing by our two biggest gas planets. On the 3rd, the Moon will be down and to the right of Saturn. On the next morning (the 4th) the Moon will be under and between Jupiter and Saturn, making a great triangle. Then on the 5th, the crescent Moon hangs out just 7˚ below and to the left of Jupiter. May 12th – 16th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus, Mercury, Mars – Each of the solar system’s terrestrial planets get a nice visual close encounter with our Moon this week. Every night, get out there right after sunset and find yourself a good clear view of the WNW horizon. Each night, Venus will be the lowest and brightest planet, with Mercury just 8˚ above it, and dim, and Mars about 35˚ above the horizon in Gemini. On the 12th: An extremely thin and barely visible crescent Moon will be less than 1˚ away from bright Venus, both VERY low on the horizon. 13th: A slightly thicker Moon will now be just 3˚ to the left of Mercury, and considerably higher above the horizon. 14th: A thicker and higher Moon will be directly between Mercury and Mars 15th: The Moon will be 3˚ down and to the right of Mars 16th: The Moon will be above Mars. May 26th – TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE – Missed it by THAT much! East coasters will not really be able to see anything, however, the further West you are, the more likely you’ll be able to catch a glimpse of the partial portions of the eclipse. If you want the best view, either go to the middle of the Pacific Ocean, or head to eastern Australia. More info here. May 30th – June 3rd – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – After 2am but before sunrise, go out and look SE for the Moon, Jupiter, and Saturn. Each day, Jupiter will be the brightest point of light, with Saturn almost two fist-widths to the right. The Moon creeps up to them from the right on May 30th, is closest to Saturn on the 31st, and then closest to Jupiter on June 1st. The Moon then moves to the left of Jupiter for the 2nd and 3rd. June 10th – ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE – (Viewing changes by location. More info can be found here or by using Stellarium for your location. I will focus on Southeastern Pennsylvania.) This type of eclipse only happens every couple of years, and even less frequently at each particular location. This will be quite a sight, especially given its unique timing and location. So what’s happening? The Moon is passing in front of the Sun from Earth’s...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram April of 2021 delivers a few mornings and a few evenings of lunar close encounters, as well as a meteor shower, as we stay up later to get those dark skies. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Mars Throughout the night – None at the moment Morning – Saturn, Jupiter EVENTS... Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 4th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 11th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 20th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 26th (Visible all night) 5th – 7th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter – Before sunrise in the SE, between 5am and 6am EDT on these mornings, a beautiful crescent Moon will be passing by our two biggest gas planets. On the 5th, the Moon will be about 13˚ to the right of Saturn. On the next morning (the 6th) the Moon will be just 4˚ under Saturn. Then on the 7th, our crescent Moon hangs out just 5˚ below Jupiter. 15th – 17th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars, Pleiades, Taurus – Get out there between sunset and midnight to find the crescent Moon in the West right next to Taurus, with the Pleiades on the opposite side, and Mars far above. On the 16th the Moon moves closer to Mars, leaving Taurus and the Pleiades behind. Finally, on the 17th, the Moon is just 5˚above Mars. 22nd – LYRID METEOR SHOWER – 2021 is a decent year for the Lyrids, if you’re willing to get up in the morning to watch. At only 10-20 meteors per hour, it is a minor shower, and we have a Moon just past its 1st quarter, so it won’t get drowned out by moonlight…after 4am. You’ll still be able to see SOME meteors at night, but it’ll be better without the Moon’s light pollution. So look North in general in the morning before dawn. The shower is greatest on the 22nd, but you might see some on the 21st and 23rd as well. Just remember each meteor is piece of debris left over from a comet, and we’re crashing into it at over 100,000 miles per hour, which crushes the atmosphere it hits, heating it up and causing the bright flash. Some advice for watching: Find a dark location and lie down in a reclining chair or something that insulates you from the ground. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Leo, Orion & his winter companions – Leo will be high in the South, almost straight above you. It has a backward question mark with a right triangle to the left of the question mark. Also, take a moment to get your last glimpse Orion, Taurus, the Pleiades, Gemini, Auriga, and Canis Major off in the West. Before Bed: Big Dipper, Bootes – If you look above Leo, behind you and high in the sky, you should find the Big Dipper: seven very bright stars that form a spoon shape. Now if you take the handle of the Dipper, follow its curve to the next bright star you see, about 30˚ away, which is Arcturus. “Follow the arc to Arcturus.” That’s the brightest star in Bootes, which looks like a kite. Take that same curve, and follow it about another 20˚ to “speed on to Spica”, the brightest star in Virgo, one of my favorite constellations, since it reminds me of the Dickinson Mermaid. Before Work: Lyra, Hercules, Hercules Cluster – Look pretty much straight above you, and find the brightest...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram The sunshine is coming! March may be bringing some shorter nights and daylight savings time, but the sunshine and warmth during the daytime is very much appreciated! This month Mars dominates the evening sky with Taurus and the Pleiades, and Saturn, Jupiter, and Mercury dance in the morning twilight. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Mars Throughout the night – None at the moment Morning – Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury EVENTS... Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 3rd (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 13th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 21st (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 28th (Visible all night) 8th – 10th – Close Encounter – Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury – Before sunrise in the SE on these mornings, a beautiful crescent Moon will be passing by three of our planets. On the 8th, the Moon will be about 20˚ (two fist-widths) to the right of Saturn. On the next morning (the 9th) the Moon will advance close to Saturn, only 7˚ away. All the while, Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn line up from left to right, with slight upward incline. Finally, most spectacularly and most difficult to see, on the 10th the Moon will be directly below these three planets, forming a neat triangle mimicking Capricornus. Definitely worth a shot to see, but make sure your horizon is clear. 14th – Daylight Savings Time Begins at 2am 18th – 19th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars, Pleiades, Taurus – Get out there between sunset and midnight to find the crescent Moon in the West with red, ruddy Mars close and bright just 4˚ above it. On the 18th, make sure to notice the Pleiades to the right and Taurus to the left, making a wonderful sight. Even better, on the 19th watch the Moon pass very close to Mars, with the Pleiades and Taurus still nearby. 20th – Spring Equinox - Astronomically the first day of Spring, even though meteorologically Spring starts in the beginning of March. Here’s some more info. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Orion & his winter companions – By 7pm, Orion is about as high as it will get for the night about halfway up the southern sky, tempting us to tour the winter constellations. Begin by finding Orion by looking for three stars in almost a straight line and close to each other, Orion’s Belt, which is surrounded by a bigger, vertical, almost rectangle of stars. Orion will be our guidepost for the other winter constellations. Start at the left belt star and draw a straight line connecting them, then continue that line far past the last belt star about 20˚ or two fist-widths held at arm’s length. There you’ll find the V constellation Taurus, with bright red Aldebaran at the top left of the V. Taurus is part of a big cluster of stars known as the Hyades. Remember that line you just made? Follow it just 10˚ further (one fist-width) and you’ll find a mini-mini-dipper of stars call the Pleiades, which is another open cluster of stars within our Milky Way Galaxy. Let’s go back to the belt, but draw the connecting line from right to left, and continue about 20˚ past the belt, where you’ll find the brightest star in the sky, Sirius. Perhaps you can also see the constellation Canis Major, known as the big dog. We’ll stop there for this month, and pick up next month with Gemini, Auriga, and Canis Minor. Before Bed: Auriga, Gemini – Look almost straight up, and you’ll find a pentagon shaped constellation which is the Charioteer Auriga,...

Observing With Webb February 2021 WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram February only gets exciting in the last week with a 3-planet conjunction, although the still very long nights and the dominating presence of Orion make it a good opportunity for constellation hunting. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Mars Throughout the night – None at the moment Morning – Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury EVENTS... Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 4th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 11th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 19th (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 27th (Visible all night) 18th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars – Get out there between sunset and midnight to find the 1st Quarter Moon in the SW with red, ruddy Mars close and bright just 4˚ above it. Last week of February – Close Encounter – Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury – Quite a rare sighting! Get out there after 6am, before sunrise, and look very, very low on the SE horizon. With a clear view and clear skies, you should be able to find Jupiter, Mercury, and Saturn forming a flat triangle. Jupiter is the lower and brighter one, with Saturn up and to the right, with Mercury in between the two. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Orion & his winter companions – By 7pm, Orion is about as high as it will get for the night about halfway up the southern sky, tempting us to tour the winter constellations. Begin by finding Orion by looking for three stars in almost a straight line and close to each other, Orion’s Belt, which is surrounded by a bigger, vertical, almost rectangle of stars. Orion will be our guidepost for the other winter constellations. Start at the left belt star and draw a straight line connecting them, then continue that line far past the last belt star about 20˚ or two fist-widths held at arm’s length. There you’ll find the V constellation Taurus, with bright red Aldebaran at the top left of the V. Taurus is part of a big cluster of stars known as the Hyades. Remember that line you just made? Follow it just 10˚ further (one fist-width) and you’ll find a mini-mini-dipper of stars call the Pleiades, which is another open cluster of stars within our Milky Way Galaxy. Let’s go back to the belt, but draw the connecting line from right to left, and continue about 20˚ past the belt, where you’ll find the brightest star in the sky, Sirius. Perhaps you can also see the constellation Canis Major, known as the big dog. We’ll stop there for this month, and pick up next month with Gemini, Auriga, and Canis Minor. Before Bed: Auriga, Gemini – Look almost straight up, and you’ll find a pentagon shaped constellation which is the Charioteer Auriga, with its brightest star Capella. Gemini, the twins, will be to the left of Auriga, with bright Castor and Pollux heading them up. For reference, Orion will be below both of them. Before Work: Leo, Big Dipper – Leo will be more to the West than before, but the Big Dipper will be super big and bright above Leo’s backward question mark. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and iTunes. There’s also a video version on my YouTube Channel and I can be found on Twitter and Instagram as @mrwebbpv. The Pequea Valley Planetarium and its events and updates are on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as @pvplanetarium.

CONJUNCTION MONTH! If there’s nothing else you do this month, mark your calendar, get your warm clothes set aside, and get ready for a very, very rare conjunction between Jupiter and Saturn on the 21st. More details to come. If you do more than that one thing, we also have another meteor shower and some good close encounters between the Moon and the planets. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Saturn, Jupiter Throughout the night – Mars Morning – Venus EVENTS... Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 7th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 14th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 21st (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 30th (Visible all night) 12th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Get up early on Saturday morning and make sure you have a nice view of the SE horizon between 5:30am and 7:00am. Venus and the Moon should be easy to spot, with Venus being VERY bright, and the Moon being a thin beautiful crescent. 13th, 14th – Geminid Meteor Shower – This is a VERY good year for the Geminids. We have no Moon in the sky and the peak will occur during the evening hours on Sunday the 13th. So get out there after dinner and take advantage of the possible 150 meteors per hour! But be well prepared… When? The peak is the night of December 13th, 2am local time Where do I go? Dark area, away from lights, comfortable chair, pool float, hammock. Where do I look? The whole sky, but note Gemini is where the radiant is - where the meteors will appear to be coming from. Gemini will be in the East after sunset, South after midnight, West in the morning. Check the weather to see if the skies will be clear BUNDLE UP! Far more layers than you think. Adapt your eyes to the dark by staying away from light sources for 20 minutes or using a red light if you need to look at a star chart or not trip over something. If you’re feeling extra nerdy, do a scientific meteor count (S&T and IMO) 14th – You might hear some things about a total solar eclipse, but it’s in Chile and Argentina. 21st – CONJUNCTION OF JUPITER AND SATURN – This only happens every, say, couple hundred years. Jupiter and Saturn will be within 1/10th of 1˚ of each other! This is the event of the month, perhaps even the year. They will be close to each other for most of the month, but they will be closest on the night of the 21st. How do you see it? Get dressed VERY warmly, and head outside after sunset (4:42pm) Look SW, where the sun just set. Jupiter and Saturn should appear fairly quickly as the first two objects you see in the night sky just 15˚ (1.5 fist-widths) above the horizon. Don’t waste your time getting out there, though. The pair sets below the horizon before 7pm, leaving you not more than an hour and half of viewing time, if your horizon is fairly flat and unobstructed. Definitely bring binoculars, but enjoy the entire sky. If you have a telescope, you can get both the planets in the same eyepiece view! 21st – Winter Solstice - The longest night and shortest day of the year for the Northern Hemisphere. More info here: http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html 23rd – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars – Get out there after sunset but before 2am and find the waxing Gibbous Moon in the SE with red, ruddy Mars close and bright just 5˚ above it. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Cassiopeia, Andromeda, & Perseus - Look pretty much straight up you’ll be able to see Andromeda curving off of one corner of Pegasus. If your skies are decently dark, you might catch the faint fuzz that is the Andromeda Galaxy. Cassiopeia will be...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram November this year is quite the month of change. We have an election, daylight savings time ends, and the nights quickly get longer and longer. All five naked-eye planets are easily visible at different parts of the night, the Leonids will grace the mid-month skies, and the Moon makes its monthly visits in line with the planets. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Saturn, Jupiter Throughout the night – Mars Morning – Venus, Mercury EVENTS... Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 8th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 15th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 22nd (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full Moon – 30th (Visible all night) 11th – 13th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus, Mercury – Make sure you have a nice view of the Eastern horizon at least 45 minutes before sunrise (6:45am). Venus and the Moon should be easy to spot, with Venus being VERY bright, and the Moon being its big beautiful crescent. On the 11th, the Moon will be about two fist-widths above Venus, with Mercury below Venus. On the 12th, the Moon will move to within 6˚ or about three finger-widths above Venus. THE BEST PART is on the morning of Friday the 13th! The Moon will be BETWEEN Venus and Mercury! 17th – Leonid Meteor Shower – This annual, weak (10-15 per hour), meteor shower can have some wonderful years. 2020 appears to be decent. Why? We essentially have a New Moon, so there’s no extra light pollution to interfere with our observing. This year, you want to get up early in the morning on Thursday the 17th, between 3:00 and 5:30am, and take a nice look at the sky in general, noting that the meteors will appear to go from the radiant in the head of Leo and outward. 18th – 19th – Close Encounter – Moon, Jupiter, Saturn – Get out after sunset and find the Moon toward the Southwest, low on the horizon, and a thin waxing crescent. On the 18th, the Moon will be down and to the right of Jupiter, the brightest point nearby, with Saturn to the left of Jupiter and also bright. Then, on the 19th, the Moon moves to the left of Saturn, forming a very flat triangle with Jupiter and Saturn. Definitely an easy and worthwhile sight, but get out there before 8pm when they set. 25th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars – Get out there after sunset and find the waxing Gibbous Moon in the SE with red, ruddy Mars close and bright just 5˚ above it. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Pegasus & Andromeda - Look pretty much straight up you’ll be able to see the Great Square of Pegasus, with Andromeda curving off of one corner. If your skies are decently dark, you might catch the faint fuzz that is the Andromeda Galaxy. Before Bed: Andromeda, Perseus, Triangulum, Aries – Find Pegasus off to the West a little bit to find the cornucopia shaped Andromeda again. Keep following the cornucopia shape to find Perseus, which has kind of a similar shape, except opening up toward the southern horizon and the Pleiades. Below Perseus and Andromeda will be Triangulum, a small thin triangle, and Aries the Ram, which looks more like a curved walking cane on its side. Before Work: Orion – Look southwest to find the vertical bow-tie that is Orion the Hunter. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and iTunes. There’s also a video version on my YouTube Channel and I can be found on Twitter and Instagram as @mrwebbpv. The Pequea Valley Planetarium and its events and updates are...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Mars Month! October is pretty awesome this year. Two Full Moons, one on Halloween, four brilliantly positioned planets, the Orionid Meteor Shower, and the opposition of Mars are making October of 2020 a rich month for getting out there and investigating the night sky Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Saturn, Jupiter Throughout the night – Mars Morning – Venus, Mars EVENTS... Full Moon – 1st (Visible all night) Waning Gibbous (Mostly lit, rises later at night) Last Quarter Moon – 9th (Visible from midnight into the morning) Morning Crescents (look East in the AM) New Moon – 16th (darkest skies) Evening Crescents (look West after Sunset) First Quarter Moon – 23rd (Visible until midnight) Evening Gibbous (Mostly lit, after Sunset) Full “Blue” Moon – 31st (Visible all night) 2nd – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars – Get out there after 9:30pm and find the Moon with red, ruddy Mars close and bright less than 2˚ away. 6th – 13th – Opposition of Mars – Really, ANY time this month is a great time to see Mars, but opposition is the 13th and closest approach on the 6th. This is when the Earth is “lapping” Mars on the inside track, which happens about every two years or so. Because we’re lapping it, we are closer to it, and thus it is bigger in our telescopes. If all you’ve got is your naked eye, look for the very bright reddish-orange spot. It’ll be rising in the East after 7pm, high in the South around midnight, and setting in the West around sunrise. If you have binoculars or a telescope, you might just be able to catch the disk of Mars, which is a little bit smaller than the disk of Jupiter and about the same size as Saturn right now. If you have some good seeing, you’ll be able to catch the surface markings as well. 13th – 14th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Make sure you have a nice view of the Eastern horizon after 4:30am when they rise. Venus and the Moon should be easy to spot, with Venus being VERY bright, and the Moon being its big beautiful crescent, above Venus on the 13th, and just 5˚ to the left of Venus on the 14th. 20th – 22nd – Orionid Meteor Shower – A decent meteor shower, producing around 15 meteors per hour. Your best chance to see them will be in the morning on the 21st. Get out there between midnight and sunrise, let your eyes get dark adapted (don’t look at your phone), find a nice spot to lie down away from light pollution, be patient, and look at the whole sky, with an understanding that they will be coming from a spot in Orion’s club. 22nd – Close Encounter – Moon, Jupiter, Saturn– Get out after sunset and find the Moon toward the South. Jupiter will be the brightest point nearby, with Saturn to the left of Jupiter and also bright. 29th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars #2 – Get out there after sunset and find the almost Full Moon in the East with red, ruddy Mars close and bright less than 4˚ above it. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: The Summer Triangle: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Delphinus - Look straight up before 8pm and you’ll be able to see Lyra (the Harp), Cygnus (the Swan), Aquila (the Eagle), (and Delphinus the Dolphin.) These three constellations have the three brightest stars of the summer constellations (Vega, Deneb, Altair – respectively.) Those bright stars create the summer triangle. Off to the east of this is the small but beautiful constellation of Delphinus. If you’re under dark skies (away from city lights) you may just catch a glimpse of the Milky Way passing through Cygnus and Aquila. Before Bed: Fall Constellations: Pegasus & Andromeda - Look pretty...

WATCH this on YouTube LISTEN as a podcast on Podbean, Stitcher, or iTunes Social Media: @mrwebbpv on Twitter and Instagram @pvplanetarium on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram School is starting, the nights are getting longer, and two gas giants are dominating the night skies while two terrestrial planets make morning appearances. Welcome to Observing With Webb, where a high school astronomy teacher tells you what you’re looking at, why it’s so cool, and what you should check out later this month…at night. Naked-eye PLANETS... Sunset – Saturn, Jupiter Throughout the night – Mars Morning - Venus, Mars EVENTS... Full Moon – 2nd (Visible all night) Last Quarter Moon – 10th (Visible from midnight into the morning) New Moon – 17th (darkest skies) First Quarter Moon – 23rd (Visible until midnight) 5th – Close Encounter – Moon, Mars – Get out there after 9:30pm and find the Moon with red, ruddy Mars close and bright nearby. 14th – Close Encounter – Moon, Venus – Make sure you have a nice view of the Eastern horizon after 3:30am when they rise. Venus and the Moon should be easy to spot, with Venus being VERY bright, and the Moon being its big beautiful crescent, just 4˚ to the left of Venus. 22nd– Fall Equinox – When all locations on Earth experience a day of almost exactly 12 hours and a night of almost exactly 12 hours. It is the astronomical first day of fall, even though meteorologically it typically starts in the beginning of September. 24th – 25th – Close Encounter – Moon, Jupiter, Saturn– Get out after sunset and find the Moon toward the SE. Jupiter will be the brightest point nearby, with Saturn to the left of Jupiter and also bright. CONSTELLATIONS... Use a sky map from www.skymaps.com to help you out. After Dinner: Sagittarius – Use binoculars (or even a telescope) and a star chart to scan through the southern constellation of Sagittarius. Currently the home constellation of Saturn. There are at least 7 easily visible clusters and nebulas up and to the right of the “teapot” of Sagittarius. The Summer Triangle: Lyra, Cygnus, Aquila, Delphinus - Look straight up before 10pm and you’ll be able to see Lyra (the Harp), Cygnus (the Swan), Aquila (the Eagle), (and Delphinus the Dolphin.) These three constellations have the three brightest stars of the summer constellations (Vega, Deneb, Altair – respectively.) Those bright stars create the summer triangle. Off to the east of this is the small but beautiful constellation of Delphinus. If you’re under dark skies (away from city lights) you may just catch a glimpse of the Milky Way passing through Cygnus and Aquila. If you’re looking past 10pm, they’ll be moving toward the West and lower in the sky. Before Work: Cassiopeia – Just a few degrees below the zenith, in the North, is the Queen. Just look North and tilt your head almost all the way up, and you’ll see the 5 bright stars that form an M or upside down W in the sky, depending on what font you normally use. The angle on the left will be ALMOST a right angle, with the one on the right being obtuse. Don’t forget this podcast is found on my Podbean page, Stitcher, and iTunes. There’s also a video version on my YouTube Channel and I can be found on Twitter and Instagram as @mrwebbpv. The Pequea Valley Planetarium and its events and updates are on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as @pvplanetarium.