The Debate

Can you still send strong messages when you've rolled out the red carpet and chilled the champagne for a state dinner? China's Xi Jinping is being feted in the French capital for his first visit to Europe since 2019, despite trade tensions, spy scandals and insistence that he isolate Vladimir Putin over Russia's invasion of Ukraine. How much has changed since one year ago, when Emmanuel Macron was accused of lax messaging on human rights and Taiwan when he travelled to Beijing? The last time that Macron hosted Xi, he invited then-German Chancellor Angela Merkel to join the talks alongside the European Commission president. This time, Ursula von der Leyen is in Paris, but not Olaf Scholz. We ask why and whether that strengthens or weakens the bargaining position of France and the EU. There are also the messages that Xi wants to convey, particularly with his itinerary: after France, the Chinese president travels to Hungary, whose lenient stance towards Beijing is being rewarded with an electric vehicle factory; and Serbia, for the 25th anniversary of NATO's mistaken bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade during the war in Kosovo. Is it all part of the hard bargaining or a signal that China is ready to take on all comers? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.

How did an argument in Khartoum between two rival generals drag Sudan into civil war and push it to the brink of a repeat of the Darfur genocide of two decades ago? It has not happened yet, but the stage is certainly set in El Fasher, the west's only city still in the hands of junta leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan but besieged by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo – aka Hemedti. Hemedti's RSF is the offshoot of the Arab Janjaweed militias that two decades ago slaughtered upwards of 200,000 Masalit, Fur and Zaghawa civilians. After 2005, there were mea culpas and pledges to never again to allow a repeat of the 21st century’s first genocide. Fast forward to 2024 and the international community has a chance to do just that. And yet, its gaze is elsewhere. Why? And why, after a year of fighting, is there no end in sight for the people of Sudan? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown. Watch moreSudan, a forgotten crisis the world must pay attention to

Concerns over "too much screen time" for youngsters are nothing new. In pre-internet days, young people sometimes saw their TV viewing curtailed as a punishment. But it's now been three decades since mobile phones went mainstream, and nearly two since the advent of the tablet and the smartphone. Many teachers and psychiatrists link long hours of scrolling and exposure to violent and pornographic images, as well as cyberbullying, anxiety and sleep deprivation among a generation whose attention span has shrunk. We ask about a panel that has just submitted recommendations to France's president, starting with a ban on smartphones for under-13s. What's the right measure in our connected world? What responsibility for parents, teachers and the tech giants whose entire business model rests on keeping us on our screens as long as possible? Can curbs really be enforced? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.

For the first time since November, could there finally be a respite in Gaza? As warring parties and negotatiors shuttle through Cairo, we try to see through the smokescreens and the mixed messages if the stars are truly aligning. Beyond a swap of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners, it's tough at face value to comprehend indirect talks between two sides whose official line is the elimination of the other. The US Secretary of State has hinted at a grand bargain from which a truce graduates into a full-blown rewrite of 75 years of Israeli-Palestinian relations. The first step would be a ceasefire. And as interested third parties like the US and Egypt feel the pressure over a war that's in its seventh month, what do they need to do to help get a deal over the line? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Guillaume Gougeon and Imen Mellaz.

The expression went viral in the 1960s: generation gap. Those in power had fought in World War II and were shocked to see college students in the US rebel against the call to serve their country and go to war. How much has the current movement on college campuses exposed a new generation gap? Will the consequences be as far-reaching? For the first time since the Vietnam War, Columbia University brought in police to break up a pro-Palestinian encampment, sparking further sit-in protests across the US. We ask about the students' calls for a ceasefire and for some, a boycott of Israel along the lines of the 1980s movement to divest from apartheid-era South Africa. Will a seemingly endless war in Gaza tear the American left apart, the way the Vietnam War did? And what about this side of the Atlantic? Students here, too, are divided. Many also perceive Israel not as David but as Goliath. How should the legitimate fears felt by both Jews and Muslims that the eruption in the Middle East will lead to unbridled intolerance going mainstream be addressed? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Imen Mellaz.

In 2017, France’s new president went to Paris's Sorbonne University to defend Europe’s strategic autonomy. Since then, there's been Covid and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Now, ahead of June's EU elections, Emmanuel Macron was back with an update. "Everything that is strategic in our world, we have delegated. Our energy, to Russia; Our security – for several of our partners; not France, but several others – to the United States. And other critical interests, also, to China. We must take them back. This is what strategic autonomy is about," he declared. So how has Europe met those challenges so far? What to make of Macron's call for an acceleration of a common defence and industrial policy and his claim that energy transition is compatible with growth and the polls? After all, this was a campaign speech, what with Marine Le Pen’s far-right National Rally ahead with nearly one-third of voter intentions, double those of Macron’s centrists. Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.

Is it a spiraling superpower showdown or a glorified trade negotiation? The US Secretary of State Antony Blinken is kicking off a three-day visit in China’s economic capital, Shanghai. Unlike during the Cold War, when exchanges between the blocs were anecdotal, today it's the world's two biggest powers at the table – powers whose biggest trading partners happen to be each other. When Washington and Beijing face off over China flooding world markets with subsidised solar panels and electric car batteries, it certainly sounds like bartering over big bucks. But there's also competing political models at stake. Blinken's visit comes hours after the US Senate overwhelmingly approved legislation to possibly force the sale of TikTok by China. The addictive video-sharing site's business model – like that of its competitors – relies on vacuuming up its users' personal habits, beliefs and tastes. Beyond the more conventional standoff over fresh military aid to semiconductor-producing Taiwan, how to define this battle over who controls the digital age? How far should the West go? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.

Ecuador's new president is on a winning streak, with the recapture of the alleged leader of the Los Lobos gang coming hot on the heels of a referendum giving Daniel Noboa a mandate to get tougher on drug cartels. Back in January, the world was shocked to see a once-peaceful Andean nation overrun by massive prison breaks in several cities, with the escape of "Capitan Pico" and the brief overtaking of a television station by gang members. Is Ecuador in danger of becoming a failed state like Haiti? Will it go for mass incarceration like El Salvador? We connect the dots between the turmoil an ocean away from our Paris studios and a drug trade that's in flux, with demand for cocaine falling in the US and traffickers in the Americas eyeing Europe as a choice destination. What's the best way to tackle this global problem? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Imen Mellaz.

Will it be enough to dissipate doubt over Ukraine's ability to hold out in a war of attrition with Russia? After months of delay, the US House of Representatives has finally approved a $60 billion military aid package for Kyiv. Overruling the objections of Republican hardliners, Speaker Mike Johnson praised lawmakers who came together to "answer history's call". That said, he also conferred first with Donald Trump. So with US elections ahead, did the momentum just swing against Russia? Or did we witness a one-off compromise that only pushes back the day when the Western-backed war effort runs out of steam? If US support is so vital, it's because Europe has also been slow to boost promised deliveries of ammunition and air defence systems. Last year, Europe's share of NATO spending rose to its highest level in a decade. What will 2024 have in store? Beyond just Ukraine, what will the arms race sparked by Vladimir Putin's bid for Kyiv have on the planet as a whole? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Guillaume Gougeon and Imen Mellaz.

A world record of 969 million citizens are called to the polls for what some see as a referendum on one man. India is about to embark on the world's biggest election, staggered over seven weeks, with Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist BJP expected to extend its solid lead in parliament. Modi has been pointing to a decade of unprecedented growth and power for a nation courted by the West and beyond. The opposition warns of growing inequality and democratic backsliding. Court cases that are deemed political dog its leader Rahul Gandhi, as well the popular chief minister of Delhi, who's currently in jail for alleged ties to a corruption case. So as India moves from the country to the city, as the literacy rate rises, what kind of a democracy is it? And what do the majority of its 1.4 billion people want? Produced by Andrew Hilliar, Guillaume Gougeon and Imen Mellaz.

Ukrainians wonder if there's a double standard. An international community that comes together to fend off Iran's attack on Israel can't increase its air defence commitments in time to defend against Russian air strikes, such as the one that took out the Trypilska thermal power station last week. We ask if Volodymyr Zelensky is right, and whether EU leaders gathered at a summit in Brussels need to treat Iran and Russia as one common foe, particularly given how close the pair have drawn in the past two years. On that score, how seriously should we take talk of new sanctions against regimes that have long mastered the art of avoiding them? Produced by Andrew Hilliar, Guillaume Gougeon and Imen Mellaz.

Did it finish with Saturday night, or will it spiral further out of control? Iran's first-ever direct attack against Israel has already sent the whole region into uncharted territory. We ask about the measure of its response to Israel's targeting of Tehran's embassy compound in Syria. We also ask whether the proportionality shows Iran's strength or weakness, and whether Israel's prime minister will heed the call of G7 allies to leave it there and move towards an immediate ceasefire in Gaza. Israelis say the common challenge posed by Iran offers an opportunity to shore up strained ties with an Arab world that's frozen all rapprochement since the war in Gaza. The problem is that the ball's in the court of a Benjamin Netanyahu whose political survival – for now – hinges on a long war. Produced by Andrew Hilliar, Guillaume Gougeon and Imen Mellaz.

Roll out the red carpet for Japan. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida is being feted with a speech before a joint session of Congress and a White House state dinner. Key to the courtship is Tokyo's ramped-up role in policing the Pacific. Like the Germans in Europe, the Japanese have had to shed the post-war pacifism that's even embedded in their constitution. It’s with an eye to China, North Korea and Russia that they’ve drawn closer to South Korea and supported Ukraine. Enter another former World War II foe of the Japanese: the Philippines, whose new president is invited for an unprecedented three-way summit. Their common cause is territorial disputes in the South China Sea and a rivalry with Beijing that continues to intensify. What do Ferdinand Marcos Junior and the nationalist Kishida have in common? How strong an alliance will this be? Produced by Andrew Hilliar, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown. Watch moreChina seas: A new Cold War brewing?

It's not only in the US and UK that border protection is on the ballot. The European Parliament's vote on a migration pact was always going to be a nail-biter, especially two months out from EU elections. We ask about the close result and about burden sharing, this as the numbers of those crossing the Mediterranean hit their highest level since 2015. Is there too much or too little in this overhaul? What goes for migration policy goes for the EU as a whole: after all, protecting "Fortress Europe" is Brussels' prerogative while immigration policy – deciding what foreign labour is needed for an ageing continent – is up to member states. So what is the way forward? Produced by Andrew Hilliar, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.

"To choose not to choose is still to act," as French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre once said. Judges at Europe's highest jurisdiction agree. Their non-binding ruling against Switzerland over its failure to formulate a concrete climate action plan resonates as scientists confirm that the planet is coming off the hottest month of March on record. We ask about the case, the two others thrown out on technicalities, and that pressing choice that governments must make between the urgent and the important. The urgent is saving livelihoods – like those of farmers and small homeowners if they have to front the cost of new environmental norms. The important is reducing carbon emissions that are accelerating global warming. In the run-up to European elections, politicians have prioritised pocketbooks, backtracking on previous pledges in what some see as a populist backlash against the EU's Green Deal. Beyond electoral cycles and symbolic rulings, where is the path to consensus and the safeguarding of our children's future? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Guillaume Gougeon.

After six months, are we seeing proof that Israel's longest war since the 1980s is winding down? Or is the weekend announcement of troops withdrawing from southern Gaza the calm before a whole new storm? Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu insists his forces will make a move for the southernmost city of Rafah, despite strong objections from the United States, which is now pressing for a ceasefire and a ramping-up of desperately needed humanitarian aid for Palestinian civilians. Last week's killing of seven aid workers gave the international community a startling insight into all that's gone wrong with Israel's Gaza strategy. And while indirect truce negotiations continue at a low simmer, Netanyahu continues to promise the total eradication of Hamas. So what is to stop there being another six months of war? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Guillaume Gougeon.

How to prevent a genocide? Rwanda is marking 30 years since the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. During those 100 days of horror, a stunned international community watched from the sidelines. On that score, France's president is slated to recognise the international community's failure to prevent the 1994 genocide. What can the world do when it sees the red flags of hate turn to annihilation? How to prevent the dehumanisation that can lead to horror? Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Imen Mellaz.

Originally, it was supposed to be a NATO foreign ministers' meeting to plan a birthday party. But at 75, the same alliance that just a few years ago wondered whether it had outlived its purpose, now has to instead figure out how to quickly take on more responsibility. Up until now, the United States led efforts to arm Ukraine. But the eventuality of a return of Donald Trump has members – including the current administration in Washington – preferring that NATO HQ safeguard that remit. We ask about plans to Trump-proof the military alliance in the face of a Russia that's expected to go on the offensive in Ukraine. On that score, we ask about Kyiv's battle plan, its lowering of the conscription age from 27 to 25…and what a long war means for the whole of Europe. Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Imen Mellaz.

Israel is certainly taking on all comers. Monday's air strike on Damascus that killed three senior Iranian commanders is the most spectacular of its kind since Hamas's October 7 attacks. We ask about Tehran's response, whether it will try to draw in the United States, and – after months of cross-border rocket exchanges between Israel and Lebanon – about the risk of all-out war on a second front. Meanwhile, the nightmare continues for Gaza. Will the killing of seven aid workers and the beginnings of a famine force Israel to wind down operations there? Last week, its closest ally the United States abstained on a UN ceasefire resolution, thus sending its strongest signal yet that it's time to wind down what will soon be six months of war. So far, that is not happening. Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Imen Mellaz.

After more than two decades of uninterrupted rule, is the tide turning in Turkey? President Recep Tayyip Erdogan threw all the weight of his AKP party behind a bid to unseat Istanbul's charismatic mayor Ekrem Imamoglu. Instead, the possible presidential contender extended his gains in Sunday's local elections. Despite the media and courts being stacked against Turkey's opposition, the ruling party has lost the country's five biggest cities. Erdogan conceded on the night, hinting that heads might roll inside his party. We ask what's changed in the 11 months since he handily won re-election, about the divide between urban and rural areas, and what's next for Turkey's democracy. Produced by Alessandro Xenos, Rebecca Gnignati and Juliette Brown.