Chloe Fendersen

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. In RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints.This causes inflammation that can lead to joint...

The human body, an intricate symphony of biological processes, sometimes becomes its own most formidable adversary. In the complex realm of autoimmune and chronic diseases, the immune system—designed to protect—transforms into an unpredictable force...

In the intricate landscape of human health, microscopic organisms wield a profound and often underestimated power to disrupt our biological systems. Bacterial and parasitic infections represent a complex realm of medical challenges, where silent...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes chlamydia. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only replicate within host cells. The bacterium has a unique life cycle involving two distinct forms: the elementary...

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by inflammation, which can cause a range of symptoms such as abdominal pain,...

Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted primarily by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, affecting millions of people each year. Despite...

Within the human body's complex internal landscape, disorders of the digestive and related systems represent some of the most common yet frequently misunderstood challenges to health and wellbeing. From the violent gastric upheaval of viral infections...

Diverticulitis and diverticular disease are conditions that affect the digestive system, specifically the colon. The colon is a crucial part of the digestive tract, where the body absorbs nutrients and water from food. Diverticulosis, the precursor to...

Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a neglected tropical disease that has impacted millions of people worldwide, causing not only physical disability but also significant social and psychological suffering. While the disease is often...

Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two chronic conditions that significantly affect the lives of women around the world. Both are often misunderstood, underdiagnosed, and associated with pelvic pain, yet they are distinct in their causes and...

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a global health issue affecting millions of individuals every year. Among the many different STDs, Gonorrhea remains one of the most common and widespread infections worldwide. It is caused by the bacterium...

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located in the lower rectum or anus. While they are a common medical condition affecting millions of people worldwide, they often remain a taboo topic, shrouded in discomfort and embarrassment. For many, the symptoms of...

Hepatitis is a term that refers to inflammation of the liver, a vital organ responsible for over 500 essential functions in the human body. These include processing nutrients, filtering toxins from the blood, and producing proteins necessary for blood...

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide, affecting millions of people regardless of age, gender, or background. Despite its prevalence, HSV remains a subject surrounded by stigma, misinformation, and confusion....

Receiving an HIV diagnosis can be life-altering, bringing a wave of emotions, uncertainties, and concerns about the future. Many individuals initially experience fear, confusion, or even denial, as the stigma surrounding HIV remains a significant...

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide, affecting millions of people regardless of age, gender, or background. Despite its prevalence, there remains a significant lack of awareness and understanding about the...

Legionella is a type of bacteria that can cause a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. The bacterium is found naturally in freshwater environments such as rivers and lakes, but it becomes a concern in man-made water systems....

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect nearly every organ and tissue in the body. It occurs when the immune system, which is meant to protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks healthy tissues....

Lyme disease is an infectious illness primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected black-legged tick, commonly known as the deer tick. The disease is named after Lyme,...

Malaria is one of the world’s most enduring and devastating infectious diseases, with a history that spans thousands of years. It is caused by a parasite from the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles...

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that often results from an infection. It is a condition that primarily affects women, especially those who are breastfeeding, although it can also occur in non-lactating women and, in rare cases, men....

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The most common form is viral...

In this comprehensive series, we delve into three distinct yet impactful health conditions that affect millions of individuals across the globe. Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement, leading to tremors,...

Norovirus, often referred to as the "Norwalk virus," is a highly contagious virus that causes gastroenteritis, characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is recognized as the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide,...