Learning Botany

By listening this video, they are able to understand the life cycle of puccinia on barberry plant. They can also be able to understand monokaryotic mycellium, dikaryotic mycelium, meaning of spermatization. They are able to understand the detailed structure of pycnidia and aecial cup. Puccinia reproduction on barberry plant. Basidiospore of plus strain or minus strain germinate on barberry leaf enter into the mesophyll through stomata. They produce monokaryotic mycellium and at the time of reproduction pycnidia are formed below the upper epidermis. Spermatization occur beteen different strains of spermatia and receptive hyphae. Here plasmogamy occure but karyogamy do not occur. There dikaryotic mycelium will develop and it produce Aecial cup above the lower epidermis. From this dikaryotic aeciospores will release. They will infect wheat plant.

Miller - Urey experimentally proved Chemical Origin of Life that was said by Oparin- Haldane. They simumulated early earth conditions in their experrimental set up and they allowed to run. As a result they observed formation of simple organic molecules from inorganic molecules. R. H. Whittaker classified all the organisms into 5 kingdoms based on cell type, cell complexity of organisms, mode of nutrition, Habitate and evolutionary relationships between organisms. The 5 kingdoms are 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Plantae 5. Animalia.

Origin of life was explained by different theories. Among them theory of chemical evolution was accepted by many scientists. This theory was proposed by Oparin and Haldane. This theory includes sequential steps i.e. origin of earth, the primitive earth, formation of simple organic compounds, formation of complex organic compounds, formation of protobionts, formation of eobionts, nature of primitive cell and evolution.

SPIRULINA BELONGS TO CYANOBACTERIA IS A SINGLE CELL AND PROVIDE RICH FOOD