History: Beyond the Textbook

He’s the man responsible for the loss of Britain’s North American colonies, and a cruel, despotic monarch at that…these are both perceptions of King George III, and it’s realistically how many Americans learn about Britain’s king at the time of American independence. But he reigned for 60 years…and the Revolution lasted for 8, so clearly there must be more to this man than just “losing a war,” right? In our final episode of Season 2 of History: beyond the Textbook, we’ll explore the reign of King George III, Enlightened King of the American Revolution. Key People King George III Lord Frederick North Thomas Hutchinson John Adams Thomas Jefferson Ben Franklin Key Events Treaty of Paris/Peace of Paris Intolerable Acts American Revolution The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

It was the last significant battle of the American Revolution, although this couldn’t have been predicted at the time. The Americans, British, and the French felt that 1781 was a "now or never" year for the Revolution, and that something big had to happen. Many forces coalesced to turn the Battle of Yorktown into the decisive battle of the Revolutionary War, and we’ll examine two individuals serving on opposing sides, and from very different backgrounds. In this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook, we’ll conclude the fighting of the American Revolution at Yorktown by spotlighting Lord Charles Cornwallis and Joseph Plumb Martin: the Officer and the Commoner at the Battle of Yorktown. Key People Lord Charles Cornwallis Joseph Plumb Martin General Henry Clinton Alexander Hamilton Key Events Battle of Yorktown Battle of New York Battle of Monmouth The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Much of the history of the American Revolution focuses on actions in what was called the “Northern” theater, and to a degree, this makes sense: given the outsized role Massachusetts played in the pre-war years and the early years of combat. Yet while the Southern colonies were not exactly “inactive” during the early years of the war, many narratives don’t necessarily focus on this region in great detail until the pivotal Battle of Yorktown in fall 1781. As Britain concentrated more resources on this region in the second half of the war, stories began to spread about one individual in particular who became known for his brutality and effectiveness as a horseman: and remarkably, he was only 27 years old by war’s end. His wartime actions, and the actions of those who fought him, help shape the story of England’s “Southern Strategy '' in the American Revolution. In this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook, we’ll explore the later years of the Revolution through the campaigns of “Bloody” Banastre Tarleton and the Patriots who opposed him throughout the South. Key People Banastre Tarleton Lord Charles Cornwallis Francis Marion Daniel Morgan Thomas Jefferson Key Events Battle of Waxhaw Creek Battle of Camden Battle of Cowpens The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Those present at the winter at Valley Forge in 1777-1778 included a veritable “who’s who” of future American political leadership, such as George Washington, Henry Knox, and Alexander Hamilton. Prominent names are usually associated with this critical transition period, and rightfully so…but there were women who accompanied the army to this camp, and Indigenous allies also arrived as winter turned into spring to help the Continental Army with their war effort. These last two categories of individuals are the ones we shall focus on in this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook: Martha Washington, the Oneidas, and the Winter at Valley Forge. Key People Martha Washington Han Yerry Two Kettles Together Samuel Kirkland George Washington Marquis de Lafayette Key Events Valley Forge Battle of Oriskany Battle of Barren Hill The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

One man was all-in for independence dating back to the years before the first shots at Lexington and Concord, while the other held out hope for a moderate solution and was even accused of holding sympathies to the British cause. One is Benjamin Franklin, and the other is Benedict Arnold, and both will play a role in the Battle of Saratoga in upstate New York, one as a soldier, the other as a politician attempting to win allies to the American cause. It’s this critical turning point that forms the basis of today’s story. On this episode of History: beyond the Textbook, we explore the Revolutionary lives and actions of the Dueling Bens: Franklin, Arnold, and the turning point of the American Revolution. Key People Benjamin Franklin Benedict Arnold General Johnny Burgoyne Margaret "Peggy" Shippen General Horatio Gates Key Events Battle of Saratoga Franco-American Alliance Invasion of Canada The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He sided with the British in the American Revolution, and successfully convinced many of his countrymen to do so. The education he received at the hands of Eleazar Wheelock allowed him to understand colonial culture, while his upbringing as a Mohawk immersed him in a way of life little understood by colonial Americans. His unique background brought him into contact with prominent movers and shakers on the frontier, and also led him down the path of fighting for King George III in the American Revolution. His experiences also provide an insight into how Indigenous nations participated in, and were affected by, the American Revolution. Today's episode of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on Joseph Brant, the Mohawk Loyalist of New York's frontier. Key People Joseph Brant Haudenosaunee Ethan Allen Guy Johnson George Washington Key Event Battle of New York The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He arrived in North American in December 1774 with a fever so devastating that he needed to be carried ashore. This man also carried with him letters of introduction from none other than Dr. Benjamin Franklin, so there must have been something special about this individual. The succeeding years would bear this out, for once Englishman Thomas Paine picked up his pen, flourishing oratory and dramatic inspiration were the results. Using the remarkable Battle of Trenton as a framing device, this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook highlights the radical writer Thomas Paine and the efforts he undertook to help lead the United States to victory in the American Revolution. Key People Thomas Paine Benjamin Franklin John Adams George Washington Key Events/Works Common Sense The American Crisis Battle of Trenton The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He was a lawyer who would devote his life to public service; she was an independent woman who would devote her life to her family and supporting her husband's political efforts, both in spirit and in practice. Both of them would come to support the principles that were espoused in the Declaration of Independence, and the story of one is never told without understanding the story of the other. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook shines a light on John and Abigail Adams and their efforts to support the Declaration and the continued war effort against Great Britain. Key People Abigail Adams John Adams Mercy Otis Warren Thomas Jefferson Key Events Boston Massacre First and Second Continental Congress Declaration of Independence The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He was a local man who became a well-respected physician, treating all members of Boston society, Patriot and Loyalist alike. However, his personal sympathies lay with the growing movement that would push towards full independence from Great Britain. Dr. Joseph Warren would unfortunately not live to see this come to fruition, although he was a key player in orchestrating events that would lead to this break, culminating in his indirect participation in Lexington and Concord, and his all-too-direct participation in the Battle of Bunker Hill. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on Dr. Joseph Warren, the Patriot Physician who became one of the first true martyrs of the Revolutionary movement. Key People Dr. Joseph Warren Samuel Adams John Hancock General Thomas Gage Key Events Stamp Act Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts Battles of Lexington and Concord Battle of Bunker Hill The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

She arrived in Boston in the 1760's, was purchased by the wealthy Wheatly family, and went on to become a published, not to mention, accomplished, poet. She enjoyed an up-close view of the key events leading up to the American Revolution, commemorated many of these events in memorable prose, and traveled to London to secure a publisher for her work. Amidst it all, she dealt with the scrutiny and doubt of a potential audience who found it hard to believe that a woman who was enslaved could use the English language so eloquently...but she could, she did, and her words spoke for a young nation yearning for its own freedom. On this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook, we explore poet Phillis Wheatly and the expanding concept of "freedom" in the developing United States. Key People Phillis Wheatly George Whitefield Benjamin Franklin George Washington Key Events Stamp Act Boston Massacre Emancipation The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

A name most likely associated with a beer company, what role did Samuel Adams really play in fermenting opposition to British policies prior to the American Revolution? His role is usually relegated to the shadows, but he became such an infamous individual that others of his generation were compared to him, and he became Public Enemy Number One in the eyes of the British Crown due to his role in ensuring that a certain beverage never made it out of Boston Harbor. In this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook, we look at Samuel Adams and focus on his role in the Boston Tea Party. Key People Samuel Adams John Adams Key Events Stamp Act Boston Massacre Gaspee Affair Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Now known as the prototypical Loyalist, it wasn't always this way...Thomas Hutchinson was one of the most well-known men in Boston when the French and Indian War ended. He had a successful career as a merchant and a public servant, with a keen eye towards further advancement in the political climate in pre-Revolutionary North America. Yet, Hutchinson wasn't necessarily a fan of the "Acts" that Britain passed following the war...so how did he become associated with those who stood firm in their loyalty to Britain at all costs? In the season opener of History: Beyond the Textbook, we begin the study of America's Revolution with Thomas Hutchinson's role in the Sugar and Stamp Acts, along with his path towards choosing his "side" in the coming conflict. Key People Thomas Hutchinson Benjamin Franklin Samuel Adams Key Events Stamp Act Sugar Act Boston Massacre Albany Conference The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He led his forces against the mighty British military, captured their forts, forced them to surrender...and ultimately lost the war that bears his name. Odawa Chief Pontiac, an Anishinaabeg of the western Great Lakes, fought a war against the British after the latter presumed that the North American theater of the Seven Years' War had drawn to a close. The events, and results, of Pontiac's actions caused British officials to reconsider their perceptions of this portion of their growing empire that they often took for granted...and would set in motion a series of decisions that would lead to the loss of this territory, This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook, the final episode of season one, focuses on Pontiac: his background, actions, and motivations for partaking in another in a series of attempts by Indigenous forces to fight back against European colonizers. Key People Pontiac, Odawa Sachem and war leader Neolin, Lenape prophet Jeffrey Amherst, British military officer Key Events French and Indian War Pontiac's War Royal Proclamation of 1763 The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

As a man given the nickname "First in the Hearts of his Countrymen," among many others, what could we possibly explore about the life of the famous George Washington that hasn't already been written? He led America's Continental Army in the War for Independence against the British, agreed to attend the pivotal Philadelphia Convention in May 1787, and served two terms as the first President of the United States. However, before all of this, Washington had aspirations of elevating his social status to that of Virginia's elite planter gentry...and he dreamt of military glory on behalf of His Majesty's growing British Empire, and this may well be an aspect of his life about which the least is taught. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the inexperienced George Washington...the young man who sought advancement, but in the process, inadvertently helped trigger a global war that reshaped the relationship between Great Britain and her North American Colonies. Key People George Washington, colonial planter and military officer Tanaghrisson, captured Catawba man and Seneca "Half-King" Ensign Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Joumonville-ill-fated French diplomat Edward Braddock-British General Key Event French and Indian War The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Slavery has existed for as long as humans have lived in settled society, but it was taken to another level in colonial America, and eventually, the United States. Humans were legally classified as property and treated with intense brutality, while their stories mostly went unrecorded. This episode seeks to shine a light on three individuals whose experiences were noted for various reasons: Alice of Dunks Ferry, Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, and Louis Congo. Each lived in a different region of colonial North America and has a different skill set, but the spotlight on their lives in this episode of History: Beyond the Textbook serves as a means of learning about different slave experiences during this time frame. Key People Alice of Dunks Ferry: businesswoman, oral historian of Philadelphia Ayuba Suleiman Diallo: royalty, Islamic scholar Louis Congo: royal executioner The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

He lead a full-scale rebellion against Spanish rule in the American Southwest. This rebellion was so successful that it expelled the Spaniards from the region and allowed the Pueblo to return to their traditional ways...for a time. Although the Spanish would return about one decade later, the Great Southwest Rebellion, as history has come to call this 1680 event, stands out for the ruthlessness with which it was carried out, and the tenacity of the leader who planned it. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on this leader, who spent years planning this rebellion after suffering so much in the years before: Po'Pay, a Tewa medicine man who now enjoys enshrinement in National Statuary Hall. Key People Po'Pay, Tewa medicine man Don Juan de Onate, first Adelantado of New Mexico Key Event Great Southwest Rebellion of 1680 The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Amidst the deadliest per capita conflict in the colonial era, Mary Rowlandson, wife of a prominent minister, was captured by enemy forces in what history has recorded as King Philip's War. She was moved constantly during her 12-weeks as a prisoner, but her experiences, and strong faith, formed the basis of the book she wrote about her ordeal. This book even formed the basis of a new literary genre, one in which contrasting cultures were highlighted, but not always understood. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook uses Mary's experiences as the context of understanding the destructive nature of King Philip's War, and the consequences that it wrought. Key People Mary Rowlandson, Colonial prisoner-of-war Metacomet, leader of Indigenous forces during King Philip's War Weetamoo, leader of Pocasset forces during King Philip's War Key Event King Philip's War The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Their homelands stood at a crucial chokepoint between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, placing them in a unique position to either negotiate for what they wanted...or take it by force. These options of diplomacy or violence best describes the subject of this episode: Chief Canaqueese, a man of Mohawk and Dutch lineage who engaged in plenty of each during his lifetime. His life of warfare, mixed with a desire to attempt to end this continual way of life, provides a vantage point through which to explore the Haudenosaunee and the power they held along the North American interior in the 1600's and 1700's. Key People Chief Canaqueese, Mohawk-Dutch diplomat and fighter Haudenosaunee, "People of the Longhouse" Key Events "Beaver Wars" "Chimney Speech" Grand Council of Montreal The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Conflict between Indigenous tribes and European settlers is a consistent theme in America's colonial era. Such conflicts often centered around the land: who lived there, who used it, and how it was used. The Pequot War, centered in New England's Connecticut River Valley during the mid-1600's, was no exception. However, like other conflicts, and often to the surprise of modern observers, it did not solely pit Indigenous fighters against their European counterparts as tribes were willing to ally with the English for a variety of reasons. Uncas, Sachem of the Mohegan, consistently aligned his people with colonial interest in New England during this conflict, and continued to do so for the following four decades. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the life of Uncas and demonstrates the lengths that leaders went to ensure the survival of their people in colonial America. Key People Uncas, Mohegan Sachem Miantonomi, Narragansett Sachem John Mason, English soldier Key Events Pequot War King Philip's War The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com

Free speech is a hallmark of American life enshrined in the Bill of Rights. However, speaking one's mind wasn't always a viable option in the early Puritan communities that dotted New England in the first half of the 1600's. This possibility diminished even further when a woman was the one doing the speaking, and in most instances, challenging the status quo. This episode of History: Beyond the Textbook continues the religious dynamic of our previous episode, and once again explores English settlement of New England, but does so through the lens of Anne Hutchinson, the Rhode Island Rebel. Key People Anne Hutchinson, midwife and religious dissenter John Winthrop, Massachusetts Bay Colony politician Roger Williams, religious dissenter Key Events Antinomian controversy Banishment of Anne Hutchinson The second season of History: Beyond the Textbook focuses on the stories of individuals who shaped the Revolutionary era in American history, and runs from February 27-May 7. Feel free to contact us with feedback or questions at: hbttpodcast@gmail.com