The Ancient World

Synopsis: In Shalmaneser’s final years, his eldest son – the crown prince Assur-danin-pal – enters into rebellion, while his younger son, Shamshi-Adad, struggles to defend his father’s legacy. “Where my brother Assur-danin-pal, in the time of Shalmaneser, his father, acted wickedly, bringing about sedition, rebellion, and wicked plotting, caused the land to rise in revolt, prepared for war, brought the people of Assyria, north and south, to his side, and made bold speeches, brought the cities into the rebellion and set his face to begin strife and battle… 27 cities, along with their fortifications… revolted against Shalmaneser, king of the four regions of the world, my father, and… had gone to the side of Assur-danin-pal.” – Annals of King Shamshi-Adad V Map of the Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Iron Age Northern Syria: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Syria.jpg Map of Iron Age Southern Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Canaan.jpg Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C20_Images.pdf Regional Kings List: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C19_C20_Kings_List.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C20_References.pdf Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: Hazael of Aram-Damascus and Jehu of Israel bring desolation to the house of Omri. After decades of leading Assyrian campaigns, Shalmaneser III dispatches his turtanu, Dayan-Assur, to fight the newly-formed kingdom of Urartu. “And the Lord said unto (Elijah), Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: And then thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria: And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel:… And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay.” – 1 Kings 19: 15-17 Map of the Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Iron Age Northern Syria: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Syria.jpg Map of Iron Age Southern Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Canaan.jpg Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C19_Images.pdf Regional Kings List: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C19_C20_Kings_List.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C19_References.pdf Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: A coalition marshalled by Hadad-ezer of Aram-Damascus and Urahilina of Hamath successfully defends southern Syria from further Assyrian encroachment. But a decade of campaigning by Shalmaneser begins to take its toll. “I destroyed, devastated, and set fire to Qarqar, his royal city. Urahilina brought twelve kings to his support; they came against me to offer battle and fight: 1,200 chariots, 1,200 cavalry, and 20,000 soldiers belonging to Hadad-ezer of Damascus; 700 chariots, 700 cavalry, and 10,000 soldiers belonging to Urahilina of Hamath; 2,000 chariots, and 10,000 soldiers belonging to Ahab, the Israelite; 500 soldiers belonging to the Gueans; 1,000 soldiers belonging to the Musreans; 10 chariots and 10,000 soldiers belonging to the Irkanateans; 200 soldiers belonging to Matinuba’il the Arwadite; 200 soldiers belonging to the Usanateans; 30 chariots and 1,000 soldiers belonging to Adunu-ba’il the Shianean; 1,000 camels belonging to Gindibu’ the Arabian; and 1,000 soldiers [belonging to] Baasha, son of Ruhubi, the Ammonite. Trusting in the exalted might which the lord Assur had given me, in the mighty weapons, which Nergal, who goes before me, had presented to me, I battled with them.” – The Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Southern Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Canaan.jpg The Kings of Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Season_3_King_List.pdf Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C18_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C18_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: Political intrigues in Iron Age Israel end with the rise of King Omri. The kingdoms of Hamath and Aram-Damascus leverage military power and regional diplomacy to prepare for the coming of Shalmaneser. “I am Urahilina, son of Paritas, king of Hamath…I made my own seat for every single god. But this seat I built for Ba’alat, and I put my name and Ba’alat’s on it…During the time of my father and grandfather, the temple of Ba’alat lacked income. They did not burn the burnt offering, a sacrificial ox, up and down to the god. But myself, in my times, it shall not lack income.” – Building inscription of King Urahilina of Hamath, recording the construction and endowment of a temple to the goddess Ba’alat Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Southern Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Canaan.jpg The Kings of Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Season_3_King_List.pdf Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C17_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C17_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: Shalmaneser’s Syrian invasions were countered by a coalition forged by King Ahuni of Bit-Adini. But repeated campaigns wore down his rivals and ended in Assyrian dominance. “Ahuni, terrified by my terrible, awe-inspiring weapons and my grim warfare, crossed over the Euphrates to save his life, and made his way to other lands. At the command of my lord Assur, the great lord, I annexed Til-barsip, Aligu, Nappigi and Rugulit as royal cities. I settled Assyrians there and built palaces in them for my royal residence. I renamed Til-barsip as Kar-Shalmaneser.” – Inscription of Shalmaneser III on the Kurkh Monolith Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Northern Syria: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Syria.jpg The Kings of Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Season_3_King_List.pdf Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C16_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C16_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The Syrian campaigns of Ashurnasirpal II cemented Assyrian dominance. Tribute from the western kingdoms fueled construction of the king’s magnificent new showpiece of Kalhu. “Ashurnasirpal, strong king, king of Assyria, designate of the god Sin, favorite of the god Anu, loved one of the god Adad who is almighty among the gods, I, the merciless weapon which lays low lands hostile to him, I, the king, capable in battle, vanquisher of cities and highlands, foremost in battle, king of the four quarters.” – Inscription of King Ashurnasirpal II at Kalhu Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Northern Syria: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Syria.jpg The Kings of Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Season_3_King_List.pdf Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C15_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C15_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The Country Lords of Carchemish adorned their city with temples and monuments. But Assyrian conquests in the Khabur River valley heralded a growing eastern threat. “I am the ruler Katuwa, Country Lord of Carchemish, son of the Country Lord Suhi (II), grandson of the Country-Lord Astuwatamanza. The gods raised me by the hand and they gave to me my paternal succession. And because of my justice the gods raised me in strength….I myself then constructed the temple for the Storm God of Carchemish with that abundance, and I established for him seasonal offerings.” – Inscription of Katuwa on the King’s Gate at Carchemish, late 10th/early 9th century BC Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Northern Syria: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Syria.jpg Rulers of Carchemish: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C14_Rulers_of_Carchemish.jpg Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C14_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C14_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The Canaanite cities of Tel-Rehov and Beth-Shean were re-founded by the Pharaoh Thutmose III in the wake of the Battle of Megiddo. By the early Iron Age, their size, location and wealth drew the attention of the Pharaoh Shoshenq I. “(Thutmose) was in their center, Amun being the protection of his person in the melee, and the strength of Set pervading his members…Then (the enemy) saw his majesty prevailing over them, and they fled headlong to Megiddo with faces of fear.” – The Battle of Megiddo Inscription Map of the Early Iron Age Near East: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Near_East.jpg Map of Early Iron Age Southern Syria and Canaan: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map_Canaan.jpg Episode Images: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C13_Images.pdf References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/C13_References.pdf Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A brief history of The Ancient World. Plus: a new season, a new partnership and a new Patreon page! www.patreon.com/TheAncientWorld www.airwavemedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: Joseph and Hyrcanus of the Tobiad clan served as tax farmers in Coele Syria for nearly half a century, weathering the transition from Ptolemaic and Seleucid control along with the constant maelstrom of Jerusalem politics. “Hyrcanus determined not to return to Jerusalem any more, but seated himself beyond Jordan, and was at perpetual war with the Arabians, and slew many of them, and took many of them captives. He also erected a strong castle, and built it entirely of white stone to the very roof, and had animals of a prodigious magnitude engraven upon it…And he ruled over those parts for seven years, even all the time that Seleucus was king of Syria. But when he was dead, his brother Antiochus, who was called Epiphanes, took the kingdom.” – Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XII, Chapter 4 Map of the Decapolis region: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/Map04.png Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

So, first the bad news: Episode C12 wraps the second “season” of “The Ancient World – Carchemish.” The show’ll be on hiatus for the next few months as I turn my attention to a few other projects. Then I’ll be back with another new season this summer. The good news is that next season will not only cover the emergence of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, but – as a consequence – will also have the benefit of the detailed records the Assyrians made of all their “interactions” with the kingdoms and peoples of early Iron Age Syria. So stay tuned for that, stay subscribed, and I’ll see you all in a few months! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The growing power of the Israelites and Arameans is reflected in the construction of new temples to Yahweh in Jerusalem and Hadad-Rammon in Damascus. A resurgent Egypt – under increasing influence of the Libyan Meshwesh – begins to eye its former Levantine holdings. “And God stirred him up another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliadah, which fled from his lord Hadadezer king of Zobah. And he gathered men unto him, and became captain over a band, when David slew them of Zobah; and they went to Damascus, and dwelt therein, and reigned in Damascus. And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did; and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Syria.” – 1 Kings 11:23-24 Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: In the latter half of the 11th century BC, southern Syria witnessed the increasing prominence of semi-nomadic Semitic peoples – including the Edomites, Moabites, Ammonites and Israelites. “Kings came, they fought, the kings of Canaan fought. At Taanach, by the waters of Megiddo, they took no plunder of silver. From the heavens the stars fought, from their courses they fought against Sisera. The river Kishon swept them away, the age-old river, the river Kishon.” – The Song of Deborah Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean:https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The fracturing and diminishment of Egyptian power in the early Iron Age is captured in “The Report of Wenamun.” I found (King Zakar-baal of Byblos) seated in his upper chamber with his back against a window, and the waves of the great sea of Phoenicia broke behind his head. I said to him: “Blessings of Amun!” He said to me: “How long is it to this day since you came from the place where Amun is?” I said to him: “Five whole months till now.” He said to me: “If you are right, where is the dispatch of Amun that was in your hand? Where is the letter of the High Priest of Amun that was in your hand?” I said to him: “I gave them to Smendes and Tentamun.” Then he became very angry and said to me: “Now then, dispatches, letters you have none. Where is the ship of pinewood that Smendes gave you? Where is its Phoenician crew? Did he not entrust you to this foreign ship’s captain in order to have him kill you and have them throw you into the sea? From whom would one then seek the god? And you, from whom would one seek you? – The Report of Wenamun Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean:https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: In the mid-11th century BC, the Hittite kingdoms of northern Syria are joined by others– in the Philistine pentapolis, the Amuq plain and the region of Classical Cilicia – with ties to the former Mycenaean Greeks. The Phoenician cities of the Levantine coast begin to step from the shadow of post-Collapse Egypt. “I am really Azatiwada, Man of my Sun, the servant of Thunder God, Rendered superior by Awariku, and the ruler of Adanawa, Thunder God rendered me Mother and Father of Adanawa city, and I am the one, who developed Adanawa city, And I expanded Adanawa country, both westward and eastward, And during my reign, I made Adanawa city taste prosperity, satiety and comfort, and I filled the grain warehouses, I added horse to horse, shield to shield, army to army, everything for Thunder God and the deities…” The Karatepe Bilingual Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: The Great Kings of Carchemish continue ruling over a Hittite rump state in northern Syria as they support the region’s recovery. After an attack by the Assyrian king Ashur-bel-kala, the Carchemish dynasty is supplanted by the house of Suhi. “In that year, in the month Kislev,…from the River Khabur of the land Kharku to the city of Carchemish of the land Hatti he plundered. He crossed the Euphrates after them in rafts made of inflated goatskins.” – The Broken Obelisk (of Ashur-bel-kala) Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: Even as Anatolia, Syria and Egypt confronted the Bronze Age Collapse, the eastern kingdoms of Assyria, Babylonia and Elam continued their ancient cycle of dynastic conflict. “Why I – who am a king, son of a king, seed of a king, scion of a king, who am king for the lands, for the land of Babylonia and the land of Elam, descendant of the eldest daughter of the mighty King Kurigalzu – why do I not sit on the throne of the land of Babylonia? I sent you a sincere proposal; you, however, have granted me no reply. You may climb up to heaven, but I’ll pull you down by your hem; you may go down to hell, but I’ll pull you up by your hair! I shall destroy your cities, demolish your fortresses, stop up your irrigation ditches, cut down your orchards, pull out the rings of the sluices at the mouths of your irrigation canals.” – Letter to the Kassite court by the Elamite king Kutir-Nahhunte. Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Synopsis: In the wake of the Sea Peoples, the Hittite Great King Kuzi-Teshub focuses on rebuilding and strengthening his kingdom. A powerful new threat soon emerges in the form of King Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria. “In the service of my Lord Ashur, my chariots and warriors I assembled; I set out on my march. In front of my strong men I went to the country of the Aramaeans, the enemies of my Lord Ashur. From before Tsukha, as far as the city of (Carchemish) belonging to the country of (Hatti), I smote with one blow. Their fighting men I slew; their movables, their wealth, and their valuables in countless numbers I carried off.” – Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg The Hittite Royal Family: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Family_Tree.jpg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

First off I really hope you’ve been enjoying “The Ancient World – Carchemish.” From the beginning I’ve touted this as a series on the Neo-Hittite kingdoms. But since the first Neo-Hittite kingdom was centered on Carchemish, I thought it’d be fun to start the series with the original Hittite conquest of the city under Suppiluliuma I. Which gave me an excuse to do a deep dive into Late Bronze Age Hittite history. And to say Suppiluliuma a lot. Suppiluliuma. Try it, it’s just really fun to say. The first arc of this series will be 6 episodes, taking us all the way from the conquest of Carchemish through the immediate aftermath of the Bronze Age Collapse. Episode C5 just posted, and the last episode of this arc (Episode C6) will be posting a week late – so look for it on Friday June 25. After that the real series starts: the story of the life and death of the Iron Age Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Though they’re typically relegated to an occasional punching bag of the Neo-Assyrians, the Neo-Hittites have their own very interesting history – one I’m looking forward to digging into. When will the next arc of the series start up? That’s the part I’m not too sure about. I’m hoping to get at least 6 more episodes out sometime later this year. But I’m balancing that with working on the book (yes, that’s still happening, slowly, in the background) – as well as my day-job and lots of other stuff. So please stay subscribed and hopefully I’ll have an update for you soon. In the meantime – and I swear this is my last big push – I do happen to have a new 15 to 20-episode series launching on June 27 – which is right after I post episode C6. It’s my “The Bronze Age” course on avid.fm. It’ll be two half-hour episodes per week for around 8 to 10 weeks total. Tons of brand-new material, discount pricing, 100% satisfaction guarantee, all that good stuff. Along with the Near Eastern regions you’re used to hear me talking about, I’m also going to be making broader linkages to other civilizations outside the Near East – including the northern steppe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia – then see how those influences feed into Near Eastern civilization. You get a deeper dive on the Hurrians, an introduction to the Oxus Civilization – again just lots of new content. So if you’ve ever wanted to help out the show, or just want to hear an updated and expanded version of my early podcast episodes, please go sign up right now at avid.fm/ancient. I hate promoting myself, but I’m also really proud of the course and I really think you’ll enjoy it. That’s it for now. Take care and thanks again for listening! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices