Premium
Opening Credits
1/8/2025
Preface
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Chapter 1: Science and the Universe: A Brief Tour
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1.1 The Nature of Astronomy
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1.2 The Nature of Science
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1.3 The Laws of Nature
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1.4 Numbers in Astronomy
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1.5 Consequences of Light Travel Time
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1.6 A Tour of the Universe
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1.7 The Universe on the Large Scale
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1.8 The Universe of the Very Small
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1.9 A Conclusion and a Beginning
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Chapter 2: Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy
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2.1 The Sky Above
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2.2 Ancient Astronomy
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2.3 Astrology and Astronomy
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2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy
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Key Terms
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Summary
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Chapter 3: Orbits and Gravity
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3.1 The Laws of Planetary Motion
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3.2 Newton’s Great Synthesis
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3.3 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
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3.4 Orbits in the Solar System
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3.5 Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
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3.6 Gravity with More Than Two Bodies
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Chapter 4: Earth, Moon, and Sky
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4.1 Earth and Sky
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4.2 The Seasons
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Key Terms
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4.3 Keeping Time
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Summary
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4.4 The Calendar
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4.5 Phases and Motions of the Moon
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4.6 Ocean Tides and the Moon
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4.7 Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
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Chapter 5: Radiation and Spectra
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5.1 The Behavior of Light
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5.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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5.3 Spectroscopy in Astronomy
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5.4 The Structure of the Atom
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5.5 Formation of Spectral Lines
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5.6 The Doppler Effect
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Chapter 6: Astronomical Instruments
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6.1 Telescopes
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6.2 Telescopes Today
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6.3 Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
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6.4 Radio Telescopes
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6.5 Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
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6.6 The Future of Large Telescopes
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Chapter 7: Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
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7.1 Overview of Our Planetary System
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7.2 Composition and Structure of Planets
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7.3 Dating Planetary Surfaces
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7.4 Origin of the Solar System
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Chapter 8: Earth as a Planet
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8.1 The Global Perspective
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8.2 Earth’s Crust
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8.3 Earth’s Atmosphere
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8.4 Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
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8.5 Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
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Chapter 9: Cratered Worlds
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9.1 General Properties of the Moon
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9.2 The Lunar Surface
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9.3 Impact Craters
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9.4 The Origin of the Moon
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9.5 Mercury
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Chapter 10: Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
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10.1 The Nearest Planets: An Overview
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10.2 The Geology of Venus
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10.3 The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
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10.4 The Geology of Mars
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10.5 Water and Life on Mars
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10.6 Divergent Planetary Evolution
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Chapter 11: The Giant Planets
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11.1 Exploring the Outer Planets
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11.2 The Giant Planets
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11.3 Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
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Chapter 12: Rings, Moons, and Pluto
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12.1 Ring and Moon Systems Introduced
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12.2 The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
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12.3 Titan and Triton
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12.4 Pluto and Charon
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12.5 Planetary Rings (and Enceladus)
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Chapter 13: Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
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13.1 Asteroids
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13.2 Asteroids and Planetary Defense
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13.3 The “Long-Haired” Comets
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13.4 The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
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Chapter 14: Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
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14.1 Meteors
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14.2 Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
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14.3 Formation of the Solar System
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14.4 Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
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14.5 Planetary Evolution
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Chapter 15: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
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15.1 The Structure and Composition of the Sun
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15.2 The Solar Cycle
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15.3 Solar Activity above the Photosphere
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15.4 Space Weather
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Chapter 16: The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
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16.1 Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
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16.2 Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
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16.3 The Solar Interior: Theory
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16.4 The Solar Interior: Observations
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Chapter 17: Analyzing Starlight
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17.1 The Brightness of Stars
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17.2 Colors of Stars
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17.3 The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
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17.4 Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
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Chapter 18: The Stars: A Celestial Census
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18.1 A Stellar Census
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18.2 Measuring Stellar Masses
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18.3 Diameters of Stars
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18.4 The H–R Diagram
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Chapter 19: Celestial Distances
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19.1 Fundamental Units of Distance
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19.2 Surveying the Stars
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19.3 Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
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19.4 The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
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Chapter 20: Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
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20.1 The Interstellar Medium
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20.2 Interstellar Gas
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20.3 Cosmic Dust
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20.4 Cosmic Rays
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20.5 The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
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20.6 Interstellar Matter around the Sun
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Chapter 21: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
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21.1 Star Formation
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21.2 The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
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21.3 Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
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21.4 Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
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21.5 Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
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21.6 New Perspectives on Planet Formation
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Chapter 22: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
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22.1 Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
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22.2 Star Clusters
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22.3 Checking Out the Theory
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22.4 Further Evolution of Stars
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22.5 The Evolution of More Massive Stars
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Chapter 23: The Death of Stars
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23.1 The Death of Low-Mass Stars
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23.2 Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
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23.3 Supernova Observations
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23.4 Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
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23.5 The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
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23.6 The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
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Chapter 24: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
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24.1 Introducing General Relativity
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24.2 Spacetime and Gravity
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24.3 Tests of General Relativity
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24.4 Time in General Relativity
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24.5 Black Holes
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24.6 Evidence for Black Holes
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24.7 Gravitational Wave Astronomy
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Chapter 25: The Milky Way Galaxy
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25.1 The Architecture of the Galaxy
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25.2 Spiral Structure
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25.3 The Mass of the Galaxy
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25.4 The Center of the Galaxy
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25.5 Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
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25.6 The Formation of the Galaxy
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Chapter 26: Galaxies
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26.1 The Discovery of Galaxies
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26.2 Types of Galaxies
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26.3 Properties of Galaxies
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26.4 The Extragalactic Distance Scale
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26.5 The Expanding Universe
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Chapter 27: Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
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27.1 Quasars
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27.2 Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
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27.3 Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
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Chapter 28: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
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28.1 Observations of Distant Galaxies
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28.2 Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
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28.3 The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
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28.4 The Challenge of Dark Matter
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28.5 The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
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Chapter 29: The Big Bang
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29.1 The Age of the Universe
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29.2 A Model of the Universe
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29.3 The Beginning of the Universe
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29.4 The Cosmic Microwave Background
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29.5 What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
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29.6 The Inflationary Universe
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29.7 The Anthropic Principle
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Chapter 30: Life in the Universe
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30.1 The Cosmic Context for Life
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30.2 Astrobiology
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30.3 Searching for Life beyond Earth
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30.4 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
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Closing Credits
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